国外农业绿色发展支持政策演变、经验及对中国的启示  

Evolution and Experience of Foreign Agricultural Green Development Support Policies and Their Implications for China

作　　者：曾华盛 程龙 余磊 ZENG Huasheng;CHENG Long;YU Lei

机构地区：[1]扬州大学商学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《世界农业》2025年第3期29-41,共13页World Agriculture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“中国全球农业价值链重构中自由贸易协定的影响与优化研究”(22YJC790006);江苏省软科学项目“‘双碳’背景下江苏农业全产业链绿色发展策略研究”(BR2023020-2)。

摘　　要：长期以来,中国农业支持政策主要以增产为目标,在增产的同时也带来一些环境污染问题,制约了农业可持续发展,完善农业绿色发展支持政策已成当务之急。美国、欧盟和日本在长期实践中已建立了相对完善的农业绿色发展支持政策体系。基于此,本文系统分析了美国、欧盟和日本农业绿色发展支持政策的演变和经验,并针对中国实际情况提出相应的政策建议。研究发现:美国、欧盟和日本的农业绿色发展支持政策都经历了启蒙、加速和成熟三个阶段,政策支持手段越来越多元化,支持重点逐步从资源和环境保护向农业可持续发展转变。在政策实施中,这些国家或地区注重法律法规体系的建设,强调政府、企业和农民的多方协同合作,推进农业产业链各个环节系统性政策体系的构建,促进农民的教育和参与。从政策实施效果来看,这些政策有效改善了农业环境,促进了有机农业发展,并提升了农业生产效率。为更好地引导中国农业绿色发展,应强化立法保障,推动政企农协同落实政策,构建全产业链的政策体系,深化农业补贴政策改革。For a long time,China’s agricultural support policies have primarily aimed at increasing production,which has also led to some environmental pollution issues,restricting sustainable agricultural development.It has become urgent to improve the support policies for green agricultural development.The United States,the European Union,and Japan have established relatively comprehensive support policy systems for green agricultural development through long-term practice.Based on this,this article systematically analyzes the evolution and experiences of the agricultural green development support policies in the United States,the European Union,and Japan,and proposes corresponding policy recommendations tailored to China’s actual situation.The research finds that the agricultural green development support policies in the United States,the European Union,and Japan have gone through three stages:enlightenment,acceleration,and maturity.The means of policy support have become increasingly diversified,and the focus of support has gradually shifted from resource and environmental protection to sustainable agricultural development.In policy implementation,these countries or regions emphasize the construction of legal and regulatory systems,highlight the collaborative cooperation among government,enterprises,and farmers,promote the systematic policy framework across various links of the agricultural industry chain,and enhance farmers’education and participation.From the perspective of policy implementation effectiveness,these policies have effectively improved the agricultural environment,promoted the development of organic agriculture,and enhanced agricultural production efficiency.To better guide China’s agricultural green development,it is necessary to strengthen legislative guarantees,promote the collaborative implementation of policies among government,enterprises,and farmers,establish a policy system for the entire industry chain,and deepen the reform of agricultural subsidy policies.

关 键 词：农业绿色发展 农业支持政策 政策演变 国外经验 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]