优化营商环境背景下行政处罚过罚相当原则的适用  

The application of the principle of suiting penalty to fault in the context of business environment optimization

作　　者：于志强[1] 徐蕾 YU Zhiqiang;XU Lei(School of Law and Politics,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学法政学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期76-84,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University:Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江理工大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(22256203-Y)。

摘　　要：在优化营商环境的政策导向下,行政处罚的实施需兼顾优化市场环境与维护市场秩序,这对过罚相当原则的灵活性与公正性提出了更高的要求。过罚相当原则缺乏明确的判断标准与适用方式,面临适用难题。准确评估过罚相当原则的适用以“过”和“相当”为前提。一方面,应细化“过”的相关考量因素,并将之尽可能完整地纳入评估体系,以实现对“过”之程度的准确判断。另一方面,应在相当性的判断中引入比例原则,以实现对“相当”之程度的精准衡量。为降低过罚相当原则适用的不确定性,《行政处罚法》中应增加“可以式”从轻、减轻处罚规范,设立“酌定式”从轻、减轻处罚规范。为了避免裁量基准僵化适用和同案不同罚等不利于营商环境的行政处罚方式,应优化裁量基准的逸脱适用规则,并发展自动化处罚裁量等行政处罚的技术支持手段。Under the guidance of the business environment optimization policy,both market environment must be optimized and market order must be maintained while implementing administrative penalties,which puts higher requirements on the flexibility and fairness of the principle of suiting penalty to fault.However,it is difficult to apply this principle due to the lack of clear judgment criteria and application methods.The accurate evaluation of the application of this principle is based on"fault"and"equivalent".On the one hand,the relevant"fault"considerations should be refined and incorporated as fully as possible into the evaluation system to accurately judge the severity of"fault".On the other hand,this principle should be introduced into the proportionality assessment to accurately measure the level of"equivalent".To reduce the uncertainty in the application of this principle,provisions for lenient and mitigated penalties in"possible"forms and"discretionary"forms should be included in the Administrative Penalty Law.To avoid administrative penalties that harm the business environment,such as rigid application of discretion standards and different penalties for the same case,it is necessary to optimize the rule for escaping discretion standards and to develop technical support such as automated penalty discretion for administrative penalties.

关 键 词：行政处罚 比例原则 营商环境 过罚相当 裁量基准 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]