短时强降水对翻斗雨量传感器测量准确性的影响研究  

Study on the influence of short-term heavy precipitation on the measurement accuracy of tipping bucket rainfall sensors

作　　者：邱实 丁红英[3] 罗昶[4] 郑雨欣 白赢策 任燕 Qiu Shi;Ding Hongying;Luo Chang;Zheng Yuxin;Bai Yingce;Ren Yan(Shandong Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Jinan 250031;Shandong Meteorological Engineering and Technology Center,Jinan 250031;Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;Zhejiang Atmospheric Sounding Technical Support Center,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点试验室,济南250031 [2]山东省气象工程技术中心,济南250031 [3]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [4]浙江省大气探测技术保障中心,杭州310018

出　　处：《气象水文海洋仪器》2025年第1期6-10,共5页Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments

基　　金：中国气象局气象探测中心观测试验项目(SY2022029)资助。

摘　　要：为了评价极端条件下液态降水观测仪器测量结果的准确性,文章对自动站、智能站两类翻斗雨量传感器进行1~4 mm/min、10 mm和1~5 mm/min、30 mm降水试验,采用两台雨量校验仪同时注水实现翻斗雨量传感器6~8 mm/min、60 mm的极大雨强降水试验。试验结果表明:模拟极端降水的雨强、持续时间均超过了翻斗雨量传感器的测量极限,造成传感器汇集漏斗出现溢出现象;在5 mm/min测试点,两类传感器的测量误差不超过标准值的±4%,处于合理区间;在6~7 mm/min测试点测量结果偏小且超出合理区间;在8 mm/min测试点,部分被测传感器示值误差的符合性评定结果为不合格或待定,对应的观测数据不具备可用性。进一步分析汇集漏斗最大积水量和最大出水速度,提出一种翻斗雨量传感器对短时强降水测量极限时间的估计方法,给出极大雨强对应的传感器极限测量时间估计值。In order to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement results of liquid precipitation observation instruments under extreme conditions,the article conducted 1-4 mm/min,10 mm,and 1-5 mm/min,30 mm precipitatition tests on two types of tipping bucket rainfall sensors,automatic stations and intelligent stations,with precipitation rates of.Two rainfall calibration instruments were used to simultaneously inject water to achieve maximum rainfall intensity experiments of 6-8 mm/min and 60 mm for tipping bucket rainfall sensors.The experimental results show that the simulated extreme precipitation intensity and duration exceed the measurement limit of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor,causing the sensor collection funnel to overflow.At the 5 mm/min test point,the measurement error of the two types of sensors does not exceed±4%of the standard value,which is within a reasonable range.The measurement results at the 6-7 mm/min test point are too small and exceed the reasonable range.At the 8 mm/min test point,the conformity evaluation results of some of the measured sensor readings were unqualified or pending,and the corresponding observation data was not available.Further analyze the maximum water accumulation and maximum outflow velocity of the collection funnel,propose an estimation method for the limit time of short-term heavy rainfall measurement using a tipping bucket rainfall sensor,and provide the estimated limit measurement time of the sensor corresponding to extremely heavy rainfall.

关 键 词：翻斗雨量传感器 短时强降水 测量误差 重复性 不确定度 溢出现象 

分 类 号：P414.9[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]