超流氦至液氦温区低温恒温系统高稳定性控温研究  

Research on High Stability Temperature Control in a Cryostat Working in Superfluid Helium to Liquid Helium Temperature Range

作　　者：孔祥杰 刘思琦 宋耀楠 张海洋 高波[1,2] PITRE Laurent KONG Xiangjie;LIU Siqil;SONG Yaonanl;ZHANG Haiyangl;GAO Bo;PITRE Laurent(Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;TIPC-LNE Joint Laboratory on Cryogenic Metrology Sciences and Technology,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Laboratoire National de M'etrologie et d'essais-Conservatoire National des Arts et M'etiers(LNE-Cnam),La Plaine-Saint Denis F93210,France)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所低温科学与技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院理化技术研究所中法低温计量科学与技术国际联合实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]东北大学冶金学院,沈阳110819 [5]法国国家计量院–法国国立科学技术与管理学院,拉普莱纳-圣德尼F93210

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2025年第2期352-358,共7页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFE0210200);国家自然科学基金项目(No.52125602);中国科学院资助项目(No.ZDKYYQ20210001,No.1A1111KYSB20210015);中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目(No.2022028);北京市科技计划项目(No.Z221100002722005)。

摘　　要：针对超流氦至液氦温区基准级热力学温度测量的高稳定低温环境需求,本文采用两级GM制冷机预冷的闭式4He节流蒸发制冷方式,搭建了2~5 K低温恒温系统,核心测量部件最低温度可达1.5 K,满足了最低工作温度的需求。开展了2~5K温区直流控温和交流控温实验研究。结果表明,交流控温在2~5 K温区更具优势,初步实现了2~5 K温区优于40μK的控温稳定性,典型结果为25.5μK@2 K,31.6μK@3 K,16.2μK@4 K,20.7μK@5 K,本研究为开展低温恒温系统的进一步升级优化及2~5 K温区基准级热力学温度高准确度测量提供了先决条件。In response to the high-stability low-temperature environment requirements for the primary thermodynamic temperature measurement of superfluid helium to liquid helium temperature range,this paper adopts a two-stage GM cryocooler pre-cooled closed4He Joule-Thomson cooling method,and builds a 2~5 K cryostat.The lowest temperature of the core component can reach1.5 K,satisfying the requirement of the lowest operating temperature.Direct current and alternating current temperature control experiments were conducted in the 2~5 K range.The results show that alternating current temperature control has advantages in the 2~5 K temperature range.Temperature control stability better than 40μK in the 2~5 K temperature range has been realized.Typical results are 25.5μK@2 K,31.6μK@3 K,16.2μK@4 K and 20.7μK@5 K.This study provides a prerequisite for further upgrade and optimization of the cryostat and high-accuracy primary measurement of thermodynamic temperatures in the 2~5 K temperature range.

关 键 词：控温稳定性 超流氦至液氦温区 热力学温度 交流电桥 标准铑铁电阻温度计 

分 类 号：TB96[机械工程—光学工程]