饲料中添加桑叶水提物对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长、肠道健康和免疫机能的影响  

Effects of dietary mulberry leaf water extract on growth performance,intestinal health and immune function of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii

作　　者：刘泽萱 钟宇辉 陈璐茜 杨其彬 孙盛明 LIU Zexuan;ZHONG Yuhui;CHEN Luqian;YANG Qibin;SUN Shengming(College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization ofAquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province,Sanya 572018,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]三亚热带水产研究院海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,海南三亚572018

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2025年第1期80-93,共14页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发项目战略性科技创新合作专项(2023YFE0205100);上海市教委东方学者特聘教授项目(TP2022078);上海市科技创新行动计划(23XD1421600,22015820700);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022ZDYF0569);海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2024XDNY163)。

摘　　要：为探究饲料中添加桑叶水提物(Mulberry leaf water extract, MLWE)对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能、肝胰腺免疫指标、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响,以不添加桑叶水提物的基础饲料为对照组(MLWE0),在此基础上分别添加3 g/kg(MLWE3组)、6 g/kg(MLWE6组)、9 g/kg(MLWE9组)和12 g/kg (MLWE12组)的桑叶水提物来配置5组等氮等脂的实验饲料。选取初始体质量为(0.75±0.09)g健康活泼罗氏沼虾幼虾为研究对象,每个实验组设置3个重复,试验周期为56 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,MLWE6、MLWE9和MLWE12组特定生长率和增重率显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料系数显著下降(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,MLWE3、MLWE6和MLWE9组的幼虾肠道肌肉层厚度减少,肠道皱襞的高度和宽度增加。与对照组相比,各实验组中幼虾肝胰腺组织中丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活力、谷胱氨酸过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活力均显著减少(P<0.05)。MLWE6和MLWE9组幼虾肝胰腺中免疫相关基因表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,MLWE6、MLWE9和MLWE12组中幼虾肠道菌群中的致病菌(如嗜水气单胞菌、霍乱弧菌)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,在罗氏沼虾幼虾饲料中添加适宜浓度的桑叶水提物可促进罗氏沼虾幼虾生长,提高其非特异性免疫力并改善肠道健康。综合分析及以增重率为指标,建议罗氏沼虾幼虾饲料中桑叶水提物的适宜添加水平为6~9 g/kg。This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of dietary different concentrations of mulberry leaf polysaccharide(MLWE)on the growth performance,hepatopancreas immune indicators,antioxidant capacity,and intestinal health of Macrobrachium rosenbergi juveniles.The basal diet without mulberry leaf extract was used as the control group(MLWEO),and on this basis,3 g/kg(MLWE3 group),6 g/kg(MLWE6 group),9 g/kg(MLWE9 group)and 12 g/kg(MLWE12 group)of mulberry leaf extract were added to the basal diet to prepare five groups of isonitrogenous and isolithiatic diets,respectively.The healthy and active larvae of M.rosenbergi juveniles with initial body weight of(0.75±0.09)g were selected as the research objects.Each experimental group was set up with 3 replicates,and the experimental period was 56 days.The results indicated that:In comparison with the control group,the final average weight,specific growth rate and weight gain rate of the MLWE6,MLWE9,and MLWE12 groups increased significantly(P<0.05),on the contrary,there was lower feed conversion ratio in MLWE6,MLWE9,and MLWE12 groups than that of the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of MLWE supplemental level in dietary,the thickness of intestinal muscle layer decreased in groups of MLWE3,MLWE6,and MLWE9,while there was an increase in height and width of intestinal folds compared with the control group.Although there were no notable changes in intestinal microvilli height between the control group and treatment groups,high density of intestinal microvilli was observed on experimental group.Significantly lower levels(P<0.05)for malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were observed on the experimental groups compared to the control group,in addition,compared to the control group,there were higher expression levels of immune-related gene in hepatopancreas of prawn fed diets with 6 and 9 g/kg mulberry leaf water extract(P<0.05),the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria(such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Vi

关 键 词：罗氏沼虾 桑叶水取物 生长 肠道健康 免疫机能 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]