基于HEC-RAS模型的水库溃坝洪水模拟及影响分析  

Simulation and impact analysis of dam failure flood based on HEC-RAS

作　　者：黄怡青 宋兵 朱朝辉 胡月 HUANG Yiqing;SONG Bing;ZHU Zhaohui;HU Yue(Wanmipo Hydroelectric Power Plant,Baojing 416500,China;Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute Chongqing Branch Institute,Chongqing 400026,China)

机构地区：[1]碗米坡水电厂,湖南保靖416500 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院重庆分院,重庆400026

出　　处：《水科学与工程技术》2025年第1期20-24,共5页Water Sciences and Engineering Technology

摘　　要：水库溃坝洪水分析可为水库防洪抢险预案、风险管理、灾害评估等提供重要的技术支持。现以碗米坡水电站为例,运用HEC-RAS二维水动力学模型,模拟分析不同情景下瞬间溃坝洪水过程,获得下游淹没时间、淹没水深等重要的水情信息。分析模拟结果发现,淹没区水深基本全部为危险深度,淹没区水深基本都超过3m,淹没区河道和水库附近流速最快,危险性高,不同方案下溃坝洪水的洪峰流量均随着距坝址里程的增加而衰减,不同溃坝方案下由于入库流量和初始下游河道水位的差异对各断面洪峰流量的影响显著不同。研究可为下游防洪决策提供数据参考和技术支撑,也为其他大中型水库工程溃坝分析提供借鉴意义。Reservoir is a large amount of water storage water conservancy project,dam safety is related to the reservoir's flood control,power generation,irrigation and other benefits,but also related to the people's life and property safety.Reservoir dam failure flood analysis can provide important technical support for reservoir flood control,rescue plan,risk management,disaster assessment and so on.Taking Wanmipo Hydropower Station as an example,the HEC-RAS two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate and analyze the instantaneous dam failure flooding process under different scenarios,to obtain the important water information such as downstream inundation time,inundation depth.Analysis of the simulation results found that the water depth in the inundation area is basically all dangerous depth,the water depth in the inundation area is basically more than 3m,the fastest flow velocity near the river and reservoir in the inundation area is high and dangerous,and the peak flow of the dam failure flood under different scenarios are all attenuated with the increase of the distance from the dam site mileage,and the impacts of the peak flow of the floods at the cross sections under the different dam failure scenarios due to the differences in the inflow flow and the water level of the initial downstream river channel are significantly different.This study provides data reference and technical support for downstream flood control decision-making,and also provides reference for other large and medium-sized reservoir project dam failure analysis.

关 键 词：水库溃坝 洪水演进 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]