失业保险对城市创业活跃度的异质性影响——兼论中国创业高质量之路  

The Heterogeneous Impact of Unemployment Insurance on the Activity of Urban Entrepreneurship:Also on the Road of High-quality Entrepreneurship in China

作　　者：范红忠[1] 邹楠 FAN Hongzhong;ZOU Nan(School of of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《经济经纬》2025年第1期3-15,共13页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72373135);国家社会科学基金项目(23BGJ009)。

摘　　要：基于2008—2021年中国城市工商注册企业信息和失业保险金数据,分析了失业保险金对不同类型城市创业活跃度的影响。研究发现,失业保险金对机会型创业活跃度具有正向影响,对生存型创业活跃度具有负向影响。机制检验显示,失业保险金同时存在因降低失业成本抑制创业的职业选择效应和因提高劳动力市场供给促进创业的市场潜力效应,这两个效应分别揭示失业保险金对生存型创业活跃度和机会型创业活跃度的影响渠道。进一步地,失业保险金提升了创业质量。城市层面的异质性分析表明,在城市资本禀赋和人力资本禀赋更高的地方,失业保险金对机会型创业活跃度的影响更明显,而生存型创业活跃度相反;行业层面的异质性分析表明,失业保险金主要是影响劳动密集型行业的机会型创业活跃度;微观层面的异质性分析表明,失业保险金对有失业保险的个体创业选择抑制效应更强。研究结论为正视中国失业保险制度的经济效应以及在社会保障层面促进创业和经济的高质量发展提供了政策启示。Based on the information of urban industrial and commercial registered enterprises and unemployment insurance premium data in China from 2008 to 2021,this paper analyzes the impact of unemployment insurance premium on entrepreneurial activity in different types of cities.The study has found that unemployment insurance benefits have a positive impact on the activity of opportunity based entrepreneurship and a negative impact on the activity of survival based entrepreneurship.Mechanism testing shows that unemployment insurance benefits have both the occupational choice effect of suppressing entrepreneurship by reducing unemployment costs and the market potential effect of promoting entrepreneurship by increasing labor market supply.These two effects respectively reveal the channels through which unemployment insurance benefits affect the activity of survival oriented entrepreneurship and opportunity oriented entrepreneurship.Furthermore,unemployment insurance benefits have improved the quality of entrepreneurship.Heterogeneous analysis at the city level indicates that in places with higher urban capital endowments and human capital endowments,unemployment insurance benefits have a more obvious impact on opportunistic entrepreneurial activity,while survival entrepreneurial activity is the opposite.Heterogeneous analysis at the industry level shows that unemployment insurance benefits mainly affect the activity of opportunistic entrepreneurship in labor-intensive industries.Micro-level heterogeneity analysis indicates that unemployment insurance benefits have a stronger inhibitory effect on the entrepreneurial choices of individuals with unemployment insurance.The conclusions provide policy insights for recognizing the economic effects of China’s unemployment insurance system and promoting entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development at the level of social security.

关 键 词：失业保险 城市创业活跃度 机会型创业 生存型创业 职业选择 市场潜力 

分 类 号：F840.61[经济管理—保险]