高寒区裸石弃渣场植被恢复中覆土厚度对土壤细菌群落组成和功能的影响  

Effects of covering soil thickness of waste rock land on the composition and function of bacterial community at alpine vegetation restoration

作　　者：孙荣 吴建波[2] 王鑫喜 陈凡 王小丹[2] SUN Rong;WU Jianbo;WANG Xinxi;CHEN Fan;WANG Xiaodan(Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang 550081,China;Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment CAS,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources of the People′s Republic of China,Chengdu 610041,China;The College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院与水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [3]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610065

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期27-33,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(SQ2019QZKK2004);中国华能集团公司总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H23).

摘　　要：为了阐明高寒区弃渣场覆土厚度与土壤细菌群落组成及功能的关系,在西藏自治区芒康县弃渣场开展不同覆土厚度人工草地建植实验.在种植5 a后,采用样方法对地上生物量取样,用双对角线法对土壤取样,分析细菌群落组成和功能在植被恢复5 a后的变异特征及其影响因素.结果显示:①植物地上生物量随着覆土厚度的增加而增加,氮、磷营养元素含量在覆土20 cm时最高;②细菌群落以变形菌门为优势类群,覆土厚度影响了酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的相对多度;③覆土厚度对细菌群落的α多样性影响不显著,但是对细菌群落β多样性存在显著影响,在覆土20 cm时细菌群落的β多样性最高;④FAPROTAX分析结果显示,覆土厚度10 cm增强了反硝化作用,RAD分析结果显示,在覆土10 cm时土壤总磷含量与细菌群落反硝化作用有较强的正相关性;⑤覆土20 cm时细菌群落增强了发酵作用和化能异氧作用,RDA分析结果表明土壤有效氮和总氮含量与发酵作用和化能异氧作用呈较强的负相关关系,这与硬壁菌门多度在覆土20 cm时增加相一致,即氮代谢功能增强;⑥覆土30 cm时细菌群落增强了硝化作用,拟杆菌门多度增加,纤维素分解作用增强,为微生物生长提供了更多的碳源.综上,根据覆土成本、植物生物量和细菌群落组成及功能变化,建议在高寒区弃渣场生态修复中覆土厚度应超过20 cm.To clarify the composition and function of bacterial community responding to the different covering soil thickness of waste rock land in alpine area,a recovery field experiment involving different covering soil thickness was conducted in Mangkang County,Tibet.Plant samples were collected by the quadrat sampling method,and soil samples by the double diago-nal line were collected after five years.The soil properties,composition and function of bacterial community,and the relation-ship between them at different covering soil thickness were analyzed.The results showed that:①The aboveground biomass of plant increased with covering soil thickness and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus was the highest in covering soil 20 cm.②Proteobacteria was the dominant group,and the relative abundance of Bacteroidota,Firmicutes and Acidobacteriota were affected by covering soil thickness.③Covering soil thickness did not significantly affectαdiversity of bacterial community,but significantly affectedβdiversity of bacterial community.βdiversity is the highest in covering soil 20 cm.④FAPROTAX analy-sis result showed that denitrification of bacterial community was enhanced in covering soil 10 cm.RAD analysis results showed that soil total phosphorus content was positively relative with the denitrification of bacterial community.⑤Fermentation and chemoheterotrophy of bacterial community were improved in covering soil 20 cm,which was negatively relative with soil available nitrogen and total nitrogen content.Relative abundance of Firmicutes also increased in covering soil 20 cm,which increased nitrogen metabolism.⑥Nitrification of bacterial community was promoted in covering soil 30 cm.The relative abundance of Bacteroidota also increased in covering soil 30 cm,which could decay cellulose and then support the carbon for microbial growth.In conclusion,covering soil thickness above 20 cm is an economical and effective method to restore the vegetation in alpine region according to the cost of covering soil,biomass of plant

关 键 词：弃渣场 植被恢复 覆土厚度 细菌群落组成 细菌群落功能 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]