公共数据污染的法律治理  

Legal Governance of Public Data Contamination

作　　者：苏宇[1] Su Yu

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2025年第2期50-63,共14页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：中央高校基本科研项目“数据信托的法律结构及实现路径研究”(项目编号:2022JKF02056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公共数据污染不仅可能对公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成侵害,更有可能对数据驱动决策及其他基于数据的判断和决定造成不利影响。深入治理公共数据污染,已成为数字政府建设过程中必不可少的一项基础性工作。公共数据污染的成因包括记录错误、人为篡改、不当操作、外部攻击等,可能产生多阶影响。公共数据污染防治需要充实相关法理基础,确认国家机关和公共机构维护公共数据秩序的一般性任务,建立结构化的参与式治理制度框架,认可数据公权以及防治公共数据污染的一般性义务,发展基于技术性正当程序理论的“数据正当程序原则”。此种法理基础有利于建构防治公共数据污染的请求权体系,并建立以“法律3.0”方式镶嵌于技术性机制中的若干法律规则。Public data contamination may not only violate the legitimate rights and interests of citizens,legal persons,and other organizations but also negatively impact data-driven decision-making and other data-based assessments or decisions.The in-depth governance of public data contamination has emerged as a critical and fundamental task in the development of digital government.The causes of public data contamination include recording mistakes,intentional tampering,improper handling,external assaults,and more,leading to multi-faceted effects.Addressing public data contamination necessitates fortifying the underpinnings of relevant jurisprudential issues,the affirmation of the general responsibilities of state organs and public agencies in preserving the integrity of public data,establishing a structured participation governance system,acknowledging the general duties associated with data public rights and the prevention of public data contamination,and promoting the“Data Due Process Principle”grounded in the theory of“Technological Due Process”.This legal framework is beneficial for creating a system of claims for the prevention and control of public data contamination,and for instituting legal rules that are integrated into technical mechanisms in a“Law 3.0”approach.

关 键 词：公共数据 数据污染 数据公权 数据正当程序 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]