现金权的法理确证与规则建构——以数字时代的货币公平为视角  

The Legal Confirmation and Rule Construction of Cash Rights:From the Perspective of Monetary Fairness in the Digital Age

作　　者：柯达 Ke Da

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2025年第2期151-164,共14页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：上海市晨光计划项目“建设上海国际金融中心背景下数字人民币跨境支付的制度保障研究”(项目编号:23CGA64)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以实体现金为导向的货币公平旨在使公众充分、独立地获得转移货币价值的能力,避免数字支付鸿沟。既有法律难以应对拒收现金、停办现金业务等货币公平失衡困境。究其原因,选择何种支付手段清偿货币债务原属意思自治,后为国家货币发行权所干预,并受到新型公共利益与商业创新的限制,由此形成通过现金领域的权利主张——“现金权”实现货币公平的需求。现金权是个人或非金融企业要求他人提供或接受现金的权利,其区别于消费者选择权、货币财产权及其他新型数字化权利。现金权通过法律强化现金的最低保障功能,体现了数字时代兼顾保护交换价值与存储价值的善良正义,并可满足维护国家货币发行权的现实紧迫需要。为使现金权充分实现货币公平,应确认“无限”的现金获取权,实施以现金成本为基础的激励性规制,在明确货币法偿效力前提下确认“有限”的现金使用权,并在现金优先原则下协调获取或使用数字人民币的权利。Monetary justice oriented towards physical cash,aims to give the public full and independent access to the ability to transfer the value of money,thus avoiding the digital payment divide.It is difficult for the existing law to deal with the imbalance dilemma of monetary justice represented by the refusal to accept cash and the suspension of cash business,because the choice of means of payment to discharge the monetary liability is originally autonomous,intervened by the monetary power,and restricted by new public interests and commercial innovations,which form the demand for monetary justice through the claim in the field of cash,that is,the right to cash.The right to cash is the right to demand the provision or acceptance of cash,which is different from the consumer's right of choice,the right to monetary property and other new digital rights.The right to cash strengthens the minimum guarantee function of cash under the law,which embodies the goodness and justice of protecting both exchange value and stored value in the digital age,and can meet the urgent needs of maintaining the monetary power.For fully realizing monetary justice through the right to cash,it is necessary to confirm the“unlimited”right to obtain cash,implement incentive regulation based on cash costs,confirm the“limited”right to use cash under the premise of clarifying the effect of legal tender,and coordinate the right to obtain or use Digital Yuan under the principle of cash priority.

关 键 词：现金权 货币公平 拒收现金 货币法偿性 数字经济 

分 类 号：D922.281[政治法律—经济法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]