基于社会公正的城乡居民基本养老保险制度分析与优化  

Analysis and Optimization of the Basic Endowment Insurance System of Urban and Rural Residents Based on Social Justice

作　　者：公维才[1] GONG Wei-cai(School of Business,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学商学院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《聊城大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究重点项目(20BJJJ03):山东省居家社区养老服务质量评价与提升对策研究。

摘　　要：无论党的二十届三中全会,还是党的十八大、十九大、二十大,都将“社会公平正义”作为保障和改善民生的基本出发点和落脚点。因此,社会公正既是社会政策制定应遵循的基本原则,也是社会安全运行的必要条件,其理念基础是自由、平等、合作。城乡居民基本养老保险制度作为一项重要社会政策,既有与社会公正相适应的一面,体现了自由、平等、合作的理念,但也存在一定的偏差,表现为自由度偏高、平等性偏弱、合作度偏低。因此应遵循社会公正基本准则,进一步完善城乡居民基本养老保险制度:遵循“自由”的理念建立自愿与强制相结合的参保制度,保障居民的基本权利;遵循“平等”的理念实施基于“共享的机会平等”的无差别普惠制养老金和基于“有差别的机会平等”的梯度普惠制养老金,保障居民的基本生活;遵循“合作”的理念取消个人账户继承制,实现短寿者与长寿者之间的互济。No matter the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,the 18th,19th and 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,“social fairness and justice”is regarded as the basic starting point and foothold to ensure and improve people’s livelihood.Therefore,social justice is not only the basic principle that should be followed in the formulation of social policies,but also the necessary condition for the safe operation of society.Its conceptual basis is freedom,equality and cooperation.As an important social policy,the basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents not only adapts to social justice,but also embodies the concept of freedom,equality and cooperation.However,there are also some deviations,which are manifested as high degree of freedom,weak equality and low degree of cooperation.Therefore,we should follow the concept of social justice and further improve the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents:establish a voluntary and compulsory insurance system based on the concept of“freedom”to protect the basic rights of residents;based on the concept of“equality”the undifferentiated GSP pension based on“shared opportunity equality”and the gradient GSP pension based on“differentiated opportunity equality”are implemented to ensure the basic life of residents.With the concept of“cooperation”,the personal account inheritance system is abolished to achieve mutual benefit between the short-lived and the long-lived.

关 键 词：城乡居民基本养老保险制度 社会公正 自由 平等 合作 

分 类 号：C979[经济管理—劳动经济]