黄药捕收剂的分子设计与绿色合成技术  

Molecular Design and Green Synt hesis of Xanthate Collector

作　　者：马鑫[1,2] 王帅 林奇阳[1,2] 王文斐 张湘予 吴玉琨 钟宏 MA Xin;WANG Shuai;LIN Qiyang;WANG Wenfei;ZHANG Xiangyu;WU Yukun;ZHONG Hong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学化学化工学院,长沙410083 [2]锰资源高效清洁利用湖南省重点实验室,长沙410083

出　　处：《有色金属(选矿部分)》2025年第2期87-95,116,共10页Nonferrous Metals(Mineral Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上基金资助项目(52074354);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2402210);2024年国有资本经营预算支持省属企业科研计划项目(2024GZ037)。

摘　　要：黄药是应用最广泛,使用量最大的硫化矿浮选捕收剂,研究新型环境友好的黄药捕收剂的分子设计与绿色合成技术对于提高我国浮选药剂的技术水平具有重要意义。综述了近年来中南大学钟宏教授团队在新型黄药类捕收剂的分子设计、绿色合成及产业化应用方面取得的系列成果。本研究团队创新性地提出了通过在黄药捕收剂分子结构中引进配位官能团来消除黄药特有的臭味和强化浮选功能的新思路,通过系统研究黄药分子疏水链中引入O、N、S等杂原子以及含有O、N、S的配位基团对药剂气味与浮选性能的影响规律,开发出了酰氨基黄药、硫脲基黄药、硫氨酯基黄药等具有R^(1)-X-R^(2)-O-C(=S)-SM结构通式(M为Na或K)的环保型双配体黄药捕收剂。发明了二硫化碳溶剂体系黄药合成新方法,开发出“浆料反应-薄层干燥-溶剂循环”一体化连续黄药制备技术与装备集成,提高了合成效率,改善了黄药生产环境,实现了产业化应用。Xanthate is the most extensively utilized and largest amount of collector in sulfide ore flotation processes.It is of great significance to study the molecular design and green synthesis of new environmentally friendly xanthate collectors to improve the technical level of flotation reagents in our country.The series of research achievements on molecular design,green synthesis and industrial application of novel xanthate collectors by professor ZHONG Hong's team of Central South University in recent years were summarized.Our team has innovatively proposed a novel approach to eliminate the distinctive odor of xanthate and strengthen the flotation performance by introducing coordination functional groups into the molecular structure of xanthate collector.We conducted a comprehensive investigation on the impact of incorporating oxygen(O),nitrogen(N),and sulfur(S)atoms into the hydrophobic segment of xanthate molecules,as well as the influence of coordination groups containing O,S and N on both the odor characteristic and flotation performance of these molecules.As a result of our research,we have successfully developed a series of environmentally friendly,double-ligand xanthate collectors,including acylamino xanthate,thiourea xanthate,and thiocarbamate xanthate,characterized by the general structure R^(1)-X-R^(2)-O-C(=S)—SM,where M represents either sodium(Na)or potassium(K).A novel method for synthesizing xanthate in a carbon disulfide solvent system was invented,and an integrated continuous xanthate preparation technology and equipment integration of“slurry reaction-thin layer drying-solvent circulation”was developed,which enhanced the synthesis efficiency,improved the production environment,and realized industrial application.

关 键 词：浮选捕收剂 黄药 设计 绿色合成技术 

分 类 号：TD923.13[矿业工程—选矿]