果蔬产业联合体促进小农户与现代农业衔接的机制  

Fruit and Vegetable Industry Consortium:Promoting the Organic Connection between Small Farmers and Modern Agriculture

作　　者：王佳美 周慧[1] 胡向东[1] WANG Jia-mei;ZHOU Hui;HU Xiang-dong(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京市100081

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2025年第3期33-44,共12页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“推动乡村全面振兴的体制改革、机制创新和政策优化研究”(24ZDA055);欧盟“转型亚洲”项目“农产品可持续生产流通”(ACA/2021/428467);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目“粮食安全与畜牧经济”(10-IEAD-01-2025)。

摘　　要：农业产业化联合体,作为现代农业产业化组织形式之一,是农业产业化发展到新阶段的必然产物。探究农业产业化联合体在实现小农户对接现代农业中发挥的作用具有重要意义。果蔬产业联合体,作为农业产业化联合体众多类型中的一种,在推动农业现代化进程中发挥着独特作用。它以果蔬种植、加工、销售等环节为纽带,将各类农业经营主体紧密联结,形成风险共担、利益共享的合作模式。以16家果蔬连锁企业及合作主体为研究对象,探究果蔬产业联合体促进小农户与现代农业衔接的作用机制。研究发现,果蔬产业联合体主要通过组织化经营、标准化生产和绿色化生产以及产业链延长作用机制促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接。果蔬产业联合体通过主体之间要素禀赋的互补性、分工协作、稳定的契约关系以及主体之间的利益共生实现联结。然而,在果蔬产业联合体的发展中也存在着小农户组织化合作经营意识淡薄,标准化生产认知不足,标准难以执行,绿色生产技术应用不足,食品安全监管缺位,农户难以分享产业链延长的附加值等问题。因此,为推动果蔬产业联合体的健康可持续发展,需提升小农户合作意识,完善合作与利益分配机制,确保农户在合作中获得合理收益;提高小农户标准生产意识,加大生产设备投入,为小农户提供技术支持和培训;促进绿色生产技术应用,加强食品安全监管,加大对农产品生产、加工、销售全链条的监管力度,增加监管人员和设备投入;保障农户分享产业链附加值,让农户以土地、劳动力等要素入股,共享发展收益。Agricultural industrialization consortium,as a form of organization in modern agricultural industrialization,are an inevitable product of the new stage of agricultural industrialization development.Exploring the role of agricultural industrialization consortium in connecting small farmers with modern agriculture is of significant importance.The fruit and vegetable industry consortium,as one of the many types of agricultural industrialization consortium,plays the unique role in promoting the process of agricultural modernization.It closely links various agricultural business entities through the cultivation,processing,and sales of fruits and vegetables,forming a cooperative model of shared risks and benefits.The authors focus on 16 fruit and vegetable chain enterprises and their cooperative entities to explore the mechanisms by which the fruit and vegetable industry consortium facilitates the connection between small farmers and modern agriculture.It is found that the fruit and vegetable industry consortium mainly promotes the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture through mechanisms such as organized management,standardized production,green production,and the extension of the industrial chain.The consortium achieves connection through the complementarity of factor endowments among entities,labor division and cooperation,stable contractual relationships,and the symbiotic interests among entities.However,the development of the fruit and vegetable industry consortium also faces issues such as weak cooperative awareness among small farmers in organized management,insufficient understanding and difficulty in implementing standards in standardized production,inadequate application of green production technologies,lack of food safety supervision,and difficulties for farmers in sharing the added value obtained from the extension of the industrial chain.Therefore,to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the fruit and vegetable industry consortium,first,it is necessary to enhance the c

关 键 词：果蔬产业联合体 果蔬连锁企业 现代农业 小农户 衔接机制 

分 类 号：F321[经济管理—产业经济]