数字化转型对企业劳务外包的影响与机制  

Impacts and Mechanisms of Digital Transformation on Enterprises'Labor Outsourcing

作　　者：范合君[1] 曹小珂 FAN He-jun;Cao Xiao-ke(College of Business Administration,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院,北京市100070

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2025年第3期100-113,共14页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“平台企业无序扩张中数字排斥行为的监管与治理研究”(21BJY207)。

摘　　要：随着数字技术的发展,劳务外包已成为企业降低成本、规避不确定性、提高运营效率和专注核心业务发展的重要选择之一。基于2012—2023年我国沪深A股上市公司的数据,运用概率单位模型和截断回归模型分析数字化转型对企业劳务外包的影响与机制。研究发现,数字化转型能显著促进企业进行劳务外包,此结论经一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析结果显示,数字化转型能够通过降低外部交易成本促进企业劳务外包;企业内部员工工资水平越高,数字化转型对企业劳务外包的促进作用越显著。异质性分析表明,相较于技术水平高的劳务外包,数字化转型对技术水平低的劳务外包促进作用更为明显,即企业更多是将劳务外包战略作为一种剥离非核心业务的工具;相较于管制性行业,数字化转型对企业劳务外包的促进作用在竞争性行业中更大;相较于高管团队无管理等职业背景的企业,数字化转型对企业劳务外包的促进作用在高管团队具有管理等职业背景时更加显著;相较于服务外包示范城市,数字化转型对企业劳务外包的影响在非服务外包示范城市中更加显著。基于此,企业可立足自身资源禀赋,充分抓住数字化转型的机遇,开展劳务外包战略释放劳务外包红利,助力企业灵活用工、降低运营成本和规避用工风险。相关部门应齐心协力提高劳务外包市场的科学性和规范化水平,通过降低外部交易成本、加强人才队伍建设和完善劳务外包人员权益等一系列措施,不断优化劳务外包市场,激发劳务外包市场主体活力,充分释放发展内生动力,助力经济高质量发展。With the development of digital technology,labor outsourcing has become one of the most important choices for enterprises to reduce costs,avoid uncertainty,improve operational efficiency,and focus on core business development.The authors analyze the impact mechanism of digital transformation on labor outsourcing based on Probit model and Tobit model,using the data of A-share listed enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2023.It is found that digital transformation significantly promotes labor outsourcing,and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis shows that digital transformation can promote labor outsourcing by reducing external transaction costs,and the higher the salary level of internal employees in enterprises,the more significant the promotion effect of digital transformation on labor outsourcing.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that,compared with the labor outsourcing with high technology level,the digital transformation promotes the labor outsourcing with low technology level more significantly,that is to say,firms use labor outsourcing strategy more as a tool to divest non-core business;furthermore,compared with the regulatory industries,the promotion of digital transformation on labor outsourcing is greater in competitive industries;additionally,the promotion effect of digital transformation on labor outsourcing is more pronounced in enterprises with a management professional background in their executive team compared to those without such a background;and lastly,compared with service outsourcing model cities,the impact of digital transformation on enterprise labor outsourcing is more significant in non-service outsourcing model cities.Based on this,enterprises can leverage their own resource endowments,fully seize the opportunities of digital transformation,and carry out labor outsourcing strategies to unleash the dividends of labor outsourcing,which will help enterprises to flexibly use labor,reduce operating costs and avoid labor ri

关 键 词：数字化转型 劳务外包 外部交易成本 员工工资 

分 类 号：F249[经济管理—劳动经济]