西伯利亚大铁路修筑中的华工  

Chinese Laborers in the Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway

作　　者：钟碧月伦 潘晓伟[1] Zhong Biyuelun;Pan Xiaowei

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学历史文化旅游学院,哈尔滨市150080

出　　处：《八桂侨刊》2024年第4期44-51,94,共9页Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui

基　　金：中国侨联项目“帝俄远东地区华人、朝鲜人、日本人比较研究(22BZQK205)”;黑龙江省省属本科高校“优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划”重点项目“区域治理下的俄、苏远东地区东亚移民问题研究(YQJH2023125)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西伯利亚大铁路开建后便面临着劳动力不足的困境。俄国政府最初选择使用流放犯、苦役犯和士兵等来筑路,但效果不佳。此前远东地区的工矿企业有雇佣华工的先例,华工的表现得到了雇主赞许,于是雇佣华工筑路方案随之出台。华工参与西伯利亚大铁路修筑的身份是力工,非技术人员,主要从事挖土方、伐木、铺路轨等工作。西伯利亚大铁路远东施工区的早期路段雇佣了大量华工,如乌苏里铁路和外贝加尔铁路,而阿穆尔铁路修筑过程中参与筑路的华工数量有限。The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway faced a significant labor shortage from the outset.The Russian government initially relied on exiles,convicts,and soldiers for railway construction,but these efforts proved ineffective.Given the prior use of Chinese laborers in mining and industrial enterprises in the Far East,where their performance earned the approval of employers,the plan to hire Chinese workers for railway construction was implemented.Chinese laborers participated as manual workers,not skilled personnel,primarily undertaking tasks such as earth excavation,logging,and track laying.Large numbers of Chinese laborers were employed in the early sections of the Far Eastern construction zone,such as the Ussuri Railway and the Transbaikal Railway.However,their involvement in the construction of the Amur Railway was comparatively limited.

关 键 词：华工 西伯利亚大铁路 远东开发 

分 类 号：F53[经济管理—产业经济]