西乡县松墨天牛的发生规律  

Occurrence Regularity of Monochamus alternatus in Xixiang County

作　　者：赵晓谷 张祥[1] 高晓萌 南俊科 祁靖宇 郭改改 马驹 贺虹[1] ZHAO Xiaogu;ZHANG Xiang;GAO Xiaomeng;NAN Junke;QI Jingyu;GUO Gaigai;MA Ju;HE Hong(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Qinba Ecological Protection Center in Xixiang County,Xixiang 723500,Shaanxi,China;Forest and Grass Technology Promotion Center in Xixiang County,Xixang 723500,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西乡县秦巴生态保护中心,陕西西乡723500 [4]西乡县林草技术推广中心,陕西西乡723500

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2025年第2期103-111,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：陕西省林业科技创新计划专项项目“松材线虫病综合防控关键技术研究与示范”(SXLK2021-0101);陕西省森林病虫害防治检疫总站专项基金项目(2019)。

摘　　要：通过在西乡县松材线虫病疫区悬挂诱捕器,分析媒介昆虫松墨天牛近年来在当地的种群数量变化;并对主要受害树种(马尾松、白皮松、华山松)进行疫木解析,统计松墨天牛在寄主树干上的侵入孔和越冬幼虫数量,研究其在不同寄主树种上的分布规律。结果表明,2018—2023年,西乡县松墨天牛种群数量呈逐渐下降的趋势,在马尾松林中的种群数量高于白皮松林,羽化高峰期在当年的7、8月。松墨天牛以3~4龄幼虫越冬,翌年4月下旬化蛹,蛹期为4月下旬—6月下旬;成虫羽化期为5月中旬—10月下旬,6月中旬产卵,6月下旬幼虫开始孵化,12月以幼虫越冬。枯死松树树干上,松墨天牛侵入孔及越冬幼虫垂直分布规律因寄主树种而异,在马尾松上是随树高的升高而逐渐增加,在白皮松上是随树高的升高而逐渐降低,在华山松上随着树高呈先增加后减少的趋势;松墨天牛的侵入孔和越冬幼虫在3种松树上均呈聚集分布。本研究明确了松墨天牛在西乡县的发生情况,为该区域松材线虫病的综合防控提供了重要信息。The population of Monochamus alternatus occurring in recent years was investigated by hanging traps in the pine forest infested by pine wilt disease in Xixiang County of Shaanxi Province.The primary affected tree species(Pinus massoniana,P.bungeana,P.armandii)were dissected to count the number of entrance holes and overwintering larvae and to clarify the distribution patterns of M.alternatus on different hosts.The results showed the population of M.alternatus from 2018 to 2023 presented a gradually decreasing trend.The population in P.massoniana forest was higher than that in P.armandii forest,and the emergence peak period of M.alternatus was in July and August.M.alternatus overwintered with 3-4 instar larvae and pupated in late-April of the next year.The pupal stage lasted from late April to late June,and the adult emergence stage spanned from mid-May to late-October.Adults laid eggs in mid-June,and eggs began hatching in late-June.The vertical distribution of the entrance holes and overwintering larvae in the dissected sample trees varied among the three hosts.In P.massoniana,the number of entrance holes and overwintering larvae increased with the tree height,while in P.bungeana,the opposite trend was observed.However,in P.armandii,entrance holes and overwintering larvae first increased and then decreased with tree height.The entrance holes and overwintering larvae of the M.alternatus showed an aggregation distribution in the three hosts.This study clarifies the occurrence of M.alternatus in Xixiang County,and provides important information for the comprehensive prevention and control of M.alternatus in this area.

关 键 词：松墨天牛 种群数量 羽化规律 生活史 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S763.38[农业科学—森林保护学]