基于土地利用/覆被变化的贵州省生态环境效应空间分异特征研究  

Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Ecological Environment Effects in Guizhou Province Based on Land Use/Cover Change

作　　者：万海峰 蒙友波 陈洋 罗洁琼 赵祖伦 李剑飞 WAN Haifeng;MENG Youbo;CHEN Yang;LUO Jieqiong;ZHAO Zulun;LI Jianfei(Guizhou Institute of Natural Resources Survey and Planning Research,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;School of Transportation and Civil Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,Jiangsu,China;Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Resources of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;Beijing Century Guoyuan Technology Co.Ltd.Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省自然资源勘测规划研究院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]南通大学交通与土木工程学院,江苏南通226019 [3]贵州科学院贵州省山地资源研究所,贵州贵阳550001 [4]北京世纪国源科技股份有限公司,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2025年第2期165-176,189,共13页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42001239);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般277)。

摘　　要：分析不同尺度下贵州省土地利用变化生态环境效应的空间分异特征,为优化该地区土地利用结构及生态文明建设提供理论依据。基于贵州省1985—2020年的土地利用数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析方法,计算生态环境质量指数,对长时间序列土地利用变化及不同尺度下生态环境质量的时空演变和空间集聚特征进行分析。结果表明:1)1985—2020年,贵州省土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主,4个时期,2种地类面积之和均在97%以上,35 a间,耕地、建设用地、水域和裸地的增加,林地和草地减少,其中,耕地主要来源为林地,建设用地和水域主要来源为耕地,草地主要流向耕地和林地,林地主要流向耕地;2)从整体看,1985—2020年贵州省生态环境质量指数较为稳定,在0.71左右波动,表现为“先减后增”,最终呈一定下降趋势。从市州、县域和格网尺度看,贵州省生态环境质量均表现为“东高西低”,且黔东南州生态环境质量明显高于贵阳地区;3)35 a间,生态环境质量指数在空间上有所变化,生态环境质量变化值存在显著的空间集聚特征,热点区主要分布于西南部、中部,冷点区分散分布在全省各个区域;4)贵州省生态环境质量受土地利用类型转换的影响会呈现上升或下降,两者共同决定了其走向,影响其变化的主要因素为耕地和林地间的相互转移。The spatial differentiation characteristics of ecological environmental effects of land use change in Guizhou Province at different scales were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for optimizing the land use structure and ecological civilization construction in the region.Based on the land use data of Guizhou Province from 1985 to 2020,the ArcGIS spatial analysis method was used to calculate the ecological environment quality index,and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and spatial agglomeration characteristics of long-term land use changes and ecological environment quality at different scales.The results showed that 1)between 1985 and 2020,the land use types in Guizhou Province were mainly forest land and arable land.During four periods,the sum of the two types of land areas was above 97%.During 35 years,with the increase of arable land,construction land,water body,and bare land,forest land and grassland decreased.Among them,forest land was the main source of arable land,arable land was the main source of construction land and water bodies,grassland mainly flowed to arable land and forest land,and forest land mainly flowed to arable land.2)Overall,from 1985 to 2020,the ecological environment quality index was relatively stable,fluctuating around 0.71,showing a“decrease first and then increase”trend,and ultimately showing a certain downward trend.From the scale of cities,counties,and grids,the ecological environment quality of Guizhou Province was characterized by“high in the east and low in the west”,and the ecological environment quality of Qiandongnan Prefecture was significantly higher than that of Guiyang region.3)During the past 35 years,the ecological environment index showed significant changes,and there was a significant spatial clustering feature in the changes in ecological environment quality.Hot spots were mainly distributed in the southwest and central regions,while cold spots scattered in various regions of the province.4)The ecological environment quality in Guizhou Province will show

关 键 词：土地利用 生态环境质量 空间分异 贵州省 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]