高效沥青分散剂的研制及性能评价  

Development and Performance Evaluation of a High-Efficiency Asphalt Dispersant

作　　者：郑存川[1] 王伟 陈神根 王瑞[2] 陈江东 ZHENG Cunchuan;WANG Wei;CHEN Shengen;WANG Rui;CHEN Jiangdong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China;Production Technology Research Institute,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500 [2]中国石油新疆油田分公司采油工艺研究院,新疆克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《新疆石油天然气》2025年第1期78-86,共9页Xinjiang Oil & Gas

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目“绿色环保型热固性低密度压裂支撑剂开发与连续生产关键技术”(2021YFG0112)。

摘　　要：针对塔河油田井筒举升过程中沥青质随温度降低逐渐析出、聚集、沉淀造成严重堵塞的问题,采用钢丝网溶解法开展沥青分散剂的研制和评价。通过对井筒沉积物进行三组分、元素组成、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征分析,确定塔河油田井筒沉积物的主要成分为沥青质。根据相似相溶原理,研制出了一套高效溶解沥青质的分散剂LYH-1(芳烃溶剂LY+1.0%正戊醇+1.0%壬基酚+0.2%石油磺酸盐)。水浴50℃,将沥青质沉积物浸泡在沥青分散剂LYH-1中静置反应4 h,5g沥青分散剂LYH-1对1g沥青质沉积物的溶解率高达97%,长时间放置不聚集,具有良好的稳定性能和普适性能。通过研究高效沥青分散剂LYH-1对沥青质的作用机理,证明其主要通过氢键、π-π相互作用与沥青质沉积物形成稳定体系,降低沥青质聚集物粒径,使聚集体稳定悬浮于溶液中,阻碍沥青质进一步絮凝沉积。研究结果表明,LYH-1是一种新型的高性能沥青分散剂,它可以在降低生产成本的同时有效防止油井和地面管道的堵塞,实现增产目标,提高稠油油藏的开发效益。In order to solve the problem of severe blockage caused by the gradual precipitation,aggregation and settlement of asphaltenes with the decreasing temperature during the artificial lifting process in Tahe Oilfield,a high-efficiency asphalt dispersant was developed and evaluated via the steel wire mesh dissolution method.Through the characterization analysis of the wellbore sediments by three-component solvent fractionation,elemental composition determination and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),asphaltenes were determined to be the main component of Tahe wellbore sediments.According to the principle of similar mutual solubility,a dispersant LYH-1(aromatic solvent LY+1.0%n-pentanol+1.0%nonylphenol+0.2%petroleum sulfonate)that could efficiently dissolve asphaltenes was developed.The asphaltene sediments were soaked in the asphalt dispersant LYH-1 in a water bath at 50°C for 4 h,and the solubility of 1 g of asphaltene sediments in 5 g of asphalt dispersant LYH-1 was as high as 97%,and the sediments did not aggregate after long-term standing,suggesting excellent stability and expanded applicability.The investigation of the working mechanism of the high-efficiency asphalt dispersant LYH-1 demonstrates that the dispersant forms a stable system with asphaltene sediments,mainly through hydrogen bonding andπ-πinteraction,which reduces the particle sizes of asphaltene aggregates to allow them to be stably suspended in solutions,and hinders the further flocculation and deposition of asphaltenes.The results show that LYH-1,as a novel high-performance asphalt dispersant,can effectively prevent the blockage of oil wells and surface pipelines while reducing production costs,so as to achieve the goal of production growth and improve the development efficiency of heavy oil reservoirs.

关 键 词：稠油 沥青质 井筒沉积物 沥青分散剂 氢键作用 Π-Π相互作用 

分 类 号：TE39[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]