换一个角度看“何为中国”:从“大一统”观到“国家—民族”理论  

Rethinking What is China from a Different Perspective:From the Great Unification View to the State-nation Theory

作　　者：张继焦[1] 刘云广 ZHANG Ji-jiao;LIU Yun-guang(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;School of Social Research,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Teaching and Research Department of Ethnic Theory and Policy,Party School of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国人民大学社会学院,北京100872 [3]内蒙古党校(行政学院)民族理论与政策教研部,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2025年第2期37-44,F0002,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：全国党校(行政学院)系统党的二十届三中全会精神社科规划专项课题“全过程人民民主视域中的边疆治理研究”;中国马克思主义研究基金会资助项目、内蒙古党校(行政学院)科研课题“大一统国家韧性的形塑机制研究”;内蒙古党校(行政学院)铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究项目。

摘　　要：随着中华民族共同体建设的不断深入,中华民族对主体性的自觉在“何为中国”的提问中得到重申。比照西方现代政治的国家叙事,当代中国对国家性的表述实现了知识逻辑的根本性转换,即从基于实体政治民族的“民族—国家”到立足于一体性历史过程的“大一统”。作为共同体的本质内核,传统中国在现代中国的国家建构中的意义进一步凸显。中国共产党坚持共同体政治理念,以彻底的革命战胜了政治和社会的双重危机,取得了国家建设与民族建设的双重成就。“大一统”凭借悠久的历史成为“中国性”的支撑性概念。然而在政治传播与话语辩驳的意义上,面对“民族—国家”的现代知识传统,“大一统”仍然无法精准表述、精确传达其作为独特现代政治过程的中国政治的发展逻辑。应以“国家—民族”理论表述“大一统”观,将“大一统”用于指称现代中国政治和社会的整体形态,并在历史和理论上论证这一概念的转化过程。With the continuous deepening of the construction of the Chinese national community,the Chinese national consciousness of subjectivity is reiterated in the question of what is China.Compared with the national narrative of modern Western politics,contemporary China has achieved a fundamental shift in the logic of knowledge in its expression of national identity,from the nation-state based on physical political ethnicity to the great unification based on an integrated historical process.As the essential core of the community,the significance of traditional China in the national construction of modern China is further highlighted.Adhering to the concept of community politics,the CPC overcame the dual crisis of politics and society with a thorough revolution,and achieved dual achievements in state construction and national construction.The concept of great unification has become a supportive concept of Chinese characteristics with its long history.However,in terms of political communication and discourse refutation,facing the modern knowledge tradition of nation-state,great unification still cannot accurately express and convey the development logic of Chinese politics as a unique modern political process.Using the theory of state-nation to express the concept of great unification,using great unification to refer to the overall form of modern Chinese politics and society,and demonstrating the transformation process of this concept in history and theory.

关 键 词：大一统 国家—民族 何为中国 中华民族共同体 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论] C95[社会学—民族学] D691[政治法律—政治学]