老年食管癌根治术患者出院准备体验与护理需求的质性研究  

Qualitative study on discharge preparation experience and nursing needs of elderly patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal cancer

作　　者：刘玉婷 单媛媛 段文静 汪苗苗 黄家丽 LIU Yuting;SHAN Yuanyuan;DUAN Wenjing;WANG Miaomiao;HUANG Jiali(School of Nursing,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;Department of Thoracic Surgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District,Hefei 230031,China;Department of Nursing,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学护理学院,安徽合肥230012 [2]中国科学技术大学附属第一医院西区胸外科,安徽合肥230031 [3]中国科学技术大学附属第一医院西区护理部,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《老年医学研究》2025年第1期44-48,共5页Geriatrics Research

摘　　要：目的 探究老年食管癌根治术患者出院准备体验及护理需求。方法 采用目的抽样法,选取2023年12月—2024年2月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院西区胸外科行食管癌根治术治疗的14例患者,采用描述性现象学研究方法在患者出院准备阶段进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法分析资料。结果 共提炼归纳出2个核心主题及8个亚主题,分别为:出院准备体验困境(出院决策困境、症状管理与自护能力困境、负性心理困境)、居家护理支持需求(对疾病康复知识的需求、对术后并发症的识别与处理的需求、对信息获取途径多样化的需求、对医护人员持续帮助及上门服务的需求、对情感支持的需求)。结论 老年食管癌根治术患者在出院准备过程中尚存在较多问题,提示医护人员应落实患者从医院到家庭的过渡期准备,从知识宣教、情感支持和延续性护理服务三个领域介入,构建全面的、个性化的出院准备服务方案,提高患者出院后的自我管理能力和生活质量。Objective To explore the discharge preparation experience and nursing needs of elderly patients under-going radical resection of esophageal cancer.Methods Objective sampling method was used to select 14 patients who underwent radical resection for esophageal cancer in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC West District from December 2023 to February 2024.Descriptive phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews in the patients'discharge preparation stage,and Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 2 core themes and 8 sub-themes are extracted and summarized,which are:Discharge readiness perceived dilemma(discharge decision dilemma,symptom management and self-care ability dilem-ma,negative psychological dilemma),nursing support needs(need for disease rehabilitation knowledge,need for identifi-cation and treatment of postoperative complications,need for diversified access to information,need for continuous help and on-site service of medical staff,need for emotional support).Conclusions There are still many problems in the pro-cess of discharge preparation for patients with radical resection of esophageal cancer.Which suggest that medical staff should implement the transition preparation for patients from hospital to family,intervene from three aspects of information support,emotional support and social service support,provide targeted personalized discharge preparation services for pa-tients and caregivers,so as to improve patients'self-management ability and quality of life after discharge.

关 键 词：食管癌根治术 老年患者 出院准备 护理需求 质性研究 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]