马克思对巴枯宁无政府主义哲学基础的批判  

Marx’s Criticism of Bakunin’s Philosophical Basis of Anarchism

作　　者：吴育林 董娟 Wu Yulin;Dong Juan(School of Marxism,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第2期37-48,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《中国共产党领导中国式现代化的历程与经验研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:23&ZD031。

摘　　要：与巴枯宁的交锋,是马克思一生中第三次对无政府主义进行的斗争。巴枯宁无政府主义在反对私有制、批判资产阶级国家和革命主张等方面与马克思主义存在共通之处;但在哲学基础上与马克思主义却有本质上的对立,并有将当时的工人运动引向歧途的危险。因此,在与巴枯宁进行交往甚至合作的过程中,马克思对其在社会历史观、国家观和自由观上的唯心主义,在宗教观和反权威论上的折中主义进行了彻底的批判,进一步完善、发展了唯物史观,确保工人运动朝正确的方向前进。The conflict with Bakunin was Marx’s third struggle against anarchism.Bakunin’s anarchism has similarities with Marxism in opposing private ownership,criticizing the bourgeois state,and revolutionary propositions.However,it is essentially opposed to Marxism on a philosophical basis,and has led the labor movement at the time to the danger of going astray.Therefore,in the process of communicating and even cooperating with Bakunin,Marx thoroughly criticized his idealism in social history,state and freedom,eclecticism in religious and anti-authoritarianism,improved and developed historical materialism and ensured that the workers’movement moved forward in the right direction.

关 键 词：马克思 巴枯宁无政府主义 唯心主义 折中主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]