《资本论》中经济危机理论的“主体向度”解读  

The“Subject Dimension”Interpretation of the Economic Crisis Theory in Das Kapital

作　　者：郑小霞[1] 崔越兴 Zheng Xiaoxia;Cui Yuexing(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Hebei University,Baoding,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第2期49-62,共14页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：河北省社科基金年度项目《马克思〈政治经济学批判〉与〈资本论〉关系问题新探》阶段性成果,项目编号:HB18ZX004。

摘　　要：资本主义社会经济危机发生的原因在于资本家阶级手中的剩余价值无法转化为货币。西方马克思主义者普遍从法权关系看待剩余价值及其货币化的问题,而没有看到剩余价值与人的劳动的关系,所以他们无法正确揭示经济危机的原因和解决路径。《资本论》中的经济危机理论以劳动为核心,从“主体向度”出发看待剩余价值及其实现问题,揭示了剩余价值和货币的本质,在此基础上马克思指出剩余价值进入流通领域的两种运动形式——一般商品流通的运动形式和商品资本流通的运动形式,进而揭示出剩余价值作为商品资本运动的矛盾与经济危机的关系。同样马克思从“主体向度”出发提出了彻底解决经济危机的路径,即消灭资本主义私有制实行社会公有制,从根本上消灭商品和货币的对立,使它们复归于工人的劳动。The occurrence of the capitalist socio-economic crisis lies in the inability of the capitalist class to convert surplus value into currency.Western Marxists generally view the issue of surplus value and its monetization from the relationship of legal-right,but fail to see the relationship between surplus value and human labor,so they are unable to correctly reveal the cause and solution of economic crises.The economic crisis theory in Das Kapital takes labor as its core and approaches the problem of surplus value and its realization from the perspective of the“subject dimension”.It reveals the essence of surplus value and currency,and on this basis,Marx points out two forms of movement for surplus value to enter the circulation field:the general form of commodity circulation and the form of commodity capital circulation.This further reveals the relationship between surplus value as a commodity capital movement and economic crisis.Similarly,Marx proposed a path to completely solve economic crises from the perspective of the“subject dimension”,which is to eliminate capitalist private ownership and implement social public ownership,fundamentally eliminating the opposition between merchandise and currency,and returning them to the labor of workers.

关 键 词：马克思 资本论 经济危机 主体向度 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]