全球锂矿资源勘探开发现状与供需分析  

Global lithium mineral resource exploration,development,supply and demand analysis

作　　者：付小方 祝婷 郝雪峰 王成辉[2] 吴晗 唐屹 潘蒙 FU Xiaofang;ZHU Ting;HAO Xuefeng;WANG Chenghui;WU Han;TANG Yi;PAN Meng(Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,Sichuan,China;Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geo-logical Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省综合地质调查研究所,四川成都610081 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2025年第1期1-15,共15页Mineral Exploration

基　　金：自然资源部新一轮找矿突破战略行动科技支撑项目“松潘—甘孜锂稀有金属矿关键勘查技术与找矿预测模型”(ZKKJ202412);四川省自然资源厅“自然资源领域推动新质生产力研究”(KJ-2024-012);深化四川省矿产资源国情调查数据重大变化核实及未利用矿区调查评价(KB202405);四川省自然资源厅揭榜挂帅科研项目“川西地区甲基卡锂矿深部成矿规律研究”(ZDKJ-2024-003);四川省地质调查研究院科技计划项目(找矿行动-重大专项)“川西义敦海子山地区钨锡铍铌钽等战略性矿产富集规律及靶区优选研究”(SCIGSCZDZX-2024001)联合资助。

摘　　要：锂作为战略性关键矿产资源,在电动汽车和储能系统等新能源领域的广泛应用使其地位日益重要。全球锂资源主要分布于南美“锂三角”、澳大利亚、中国、非洲等地,涵盖卤水型、硬岩型和沉积型3大类型。近年来,全球锂矿勘探和开发加速,勘探预算创历史新高,资源量显著提升,直接提锂技术(DLE)等技术突破进一步提高了资源利用效率。非洲和南美的锂矿开发的迅速推进,为全球锂供应提供了重要增量。中国在全球锂供应链中扮演重要角色,但资源开发面临周期长、技术难度高和环保压力等挑战。尽管2024年全球锂资源呈现供大于求的局面,但清洁能源转型和新能源汽车的普及将推动中长期需求持续增长。本文系统分析了全球锂资源分布、勘探与开发现状,探讨未来供应与需求的平衡趋势,揭示锂产业在新能源发展中的关键作用,为相关行业提供了重要参考。As a strategic key mineral resource,lithium has become increasingly important due to its wide appli⁃cation in new energy fields such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems.Global lithium resources are mainly distributed in the"Lithium Triangle"of South America,Australia,China,Africa and other places,covering three major types:brine type,hard rock type and sedimentary type.In recent years,global lithium mine exploration and development has accelerated,exploration budgets have reached record highs,resource volumes have increased significantly,and technological breakthroughs such as direct lithium extraction technology(DLE)have further im⁃proved resource utilization efficiency.The rapid advancement of lithium mine development in Africa and South America has provided an important increase in global lithium supply.China plays an important role in the global lithium supply chain,but resource development faces challenges such as long cycles,high technical difficulty and environmental pressure.Although global lithium resources will exceed demand in 2024,clean energy transformation and the popularity of new energy vehicles will drive continued growth in mid-to long-term demand.This article sys⁃tematically analyzes the distribution,exploration and development status of global lithium resources,discusses the future balance trend of supply and demand,reveals the key role of the lithium industry in the development of new energy,and provides important reference for related industries.

关 键 词：全球锂资源 锂矿类型 勘探开发现状 供需分析 

分 类 号：F407.1[经济管理—产业经济]