伟晶岩型锂矿物性特征及物探方法实验  

Experimental study on mineral characteristics and geophysical exploration methods of pegmatitic lithium

作　　者：赵振华[1] 刘钧沅 王建青[1] 洪文武 吴晓飞 雷清 ZHAO Zhenhua;LIU Junyuan;WANG Jianqing;HONG Wenwu;WU Xiaofei;LEI Qing(Tianjin North China Geological Exploration General Institute,Tianjin 300170,China;Tianjin Geophysical Exploration Center,Tianjin 300170,China)

机构地区：[1]天津华北地质勘查总院,天津300170 [2]天津市地球物理勘探中心,天津300170

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2025年第1期175-183,共9页Mineral Exploration

基　　金：尼日利亚市场项目“尼日利亚纳萨拉瓦州矿业项目含矿性调查(ZY-HT1-2023-053)”资助。

摘　　要：随着锂金属需求量不断增加,锂矿勘探与开发也越来越受到重视。由于伟晶岩与多数围岩物性差异较小,并且它的规模又相对小,导致很长一段时间伟晶岩地球物理勘查应用较少。近年来不少学者在伟晶岩型锂矿的勘查中运用各种物探方法进行了尝试。为方便更多读者了解伟晶岩、伟晶岩型锂矿物性特征,降低勘查过程中试错成本,解决物探方法在伟晶岩型锂矿勘查过程的适用性问题。本文结合欧洲伟晶岩岩石物理数据库“EuroPeg”以及尼日利亚某锂矿勘查、安哥拉某金矿勘查过程中实测物性参数,对伟晶岩类岩矿石物性特征进行分析,展示了多方面的物性特征,并在尼日利亚某锂矿进行了物探方法实验。最终认为在对隐伏伟晶岩脉或岩体进行勘查时,应以目标地质体与围岩的物性特征为基础,合理选择物探方法;根据本文实验成果,建议有条件地应用重磁方法,慎重选用激发极化法,音频大地电磁测深法(Audio Magnetotelluric,AMT)在解剖伟晶岩脉或岩体的产状、形态等方面具有较好的效果。More and more attention has been paid on the exploration and development of lithium ores as the de⁃mand for lithium metal grows constantly.For a very long time,there has been little application of geophysical explo⁃ration for pegmatite,due to the small physical property difference between pegmatite and most other surrounding rocks as well as a relatively small pegmatite scale.For the past few years,many scholars have made efforts to use various geophysical prospecting methods in the exploration of pegmatite-type lithium ore.This paper aims to facili⁃tate more readers to understand the physical properties of pegmatite and pegmatite-type lithium ore,to reduce the trial-and-error cost during exploration,and to solve the problem with the applicability of geophysical prospecting methods during the exploration of pegmatite-type lithium ore.In this paper,the physical properties of pegmatite type rock ores are analyzed,various physical properties are presented,and the experiments on geophysical prospect⁃ing methods have been carried out in a lithium mine of Nigeria,based on the"EuroPeg",a petrophysical database of pegmatite ores in Europe,and the physical parameters measured during the exploration of a lithium mine in Nigeria and a gold mine in Angola.Finally,it is considered that the buried pegmatite vein or rock mass shall be explored us⁃ing proper geophysical prospecting methods based on the physical properties of the target geologic body and sur⁃rounding rocks.On the basis of the experiment results in this paper,it is recommended to apply the gravity and mag⁃netic method conditionally and to adopt the induced polarization method cautiously.Good effects have been ob⁃tained using the audio magnetotelluric(AMT)method in dissecting the pegmatite vein,occurrence and forms of rock mass,etc.

关 键 词：伟晶岩 锂矿 物性特征 方法实验 

分 类 号：P631.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]