层间等待时间对5356铝合金电弧增材制造组织与性能的影响研究  

Research on the effect of interlayer waiting time on the organisation and properties of 5356 aluminium alloy wire arc additive manufacturing

作　　者：王月杰 陈小康 王浩博 周建平[1] WANG Yuejie;CHEN Xiaokang;WANG Haobo;ZHOU Jianping(College of Intelligent Manufacturing and Modern Industry,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,CHN;Shanxi Aerospace Qinghua Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Changzhi 046000,CHN)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学智能制造现代产业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017 [2]山西航天清华装备有限责任公司,山西长治046000

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2025年第3期149-156,共8页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2023D01C189);国家自然科学基金项目(52465055);新疆维吾尔自治区天池英才青年博士项目(51052300550)。

摘　　要：针对铝合金电弧增材制造过程中层间热积累过多导致试件尺寸精度较差和输出质量较低的问题,进行了不同层间等待时间(0、15、30、45 s)对5356铝合金电弧增材制造微观组织与力学性能的影响研究,分析了不同层间等待时间下多层单道直壁体试件成形尺寸的特点,并进行了显微组织分析、显微硬度和拉伸性能等力学性能测试。研究表明,层间等待时间对5356铝合金电弧增材制造直壁体试件的宏观形貌影响显著,且随着层间等待时间由0 s逐渐增大到45 s时,直壁体试件宽度减小了1.65 mm,单层高度增大了0.37 mm;显微组织主要由α-Al基体和β-Al_(3)Mg_(2)相组成,且随着层间等待时间增加,粗大的β组织尺寸减小、密度增大;随着层间等待时间的增加,水平和垂直试样的抗拉强度和伸长率均增大,且水平方向试样抗拉强度和伸长率均比垂直方向试样稍高;不同层间等待时间下拉伸试样断口均分布着大量的韧窝,并随着层间等待时间增加,韧窝尺寸逐渐增大,且分布更加均匀,塑性变形能力增强。为5356铝合金电弧增材制造技术应用提供理论基础。To address challenges of reduced dimensional accuracy and low-quality output due to excessive interlayer heat buildup in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys,the effect of varying interlayer waiting times(0,15,30,45 s)on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 5356 aluminium alloy wire arc additive manufacturing was studied.The dimensional characteristics of the multilayer single-channel straight wall specimens with different waiting time between layers were analyzed,and the mechanical properties such as microstructure analysis,microhardness and tensile properties were tested.Findings indicate that interlayer waiting time significantly impacts the macroscopic morphology of straight-walled specimens produced via wire arc additive manufacturing using 5356 aluminium alloy.When the waiting time between layers gradually increases from 0 s to 45 s,the width of the straight-wall specimens decreases by 1.65 mm and the height of the single-layer specimens increases by 0.37 mm.The microstructure primarily is mainly composed of α-Al matrix and β-Al_(3)Mg_(2) phase,and with the increase of interlayer waiting time,the coarse β microstructure decreases in size and increases in density.As interlayer waiting time increased,tensile strength and elongation rose in both horizontal and vertical specimens,with horizontally oriented specimens displaying marginally higher values than vertically oriented ones.Numerous tough nests appeared within the fracture zones of tensile specimens under varying interlayer waiting times.As waiting time increased,the tough nests enlarged,became more uniformly distributed,and plastic deformation capacity was enhanced.This study can provide a theoretical basis for advancing wire arc additive manufacturing applications of 5356 aluminium alloy.

关 键 词：层间等待时间 5356铝合金 电弧增材制造 显微组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG455[金属学及工艺—焊接]