云南盈江莲花山地热异常区水化学特征及成因  

Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of the Lianhuashan geothermal anomalies in Yingjiang of Yunnan

作　　者：蔡定雍 徐世光 张兵[1] CAI Dingyong;XU Shiguang;ZHANG Bing(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;School of Public Safety and Emergency Management,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Geological and Mineral Engineering Survey Group,Kunming 650011,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院,云南昆明650093 [3]云南地矿工程勘察集团有限公司,云南昆明650011

出　　处：《世界核地质科学》2025年第1期96-109,共14页World Nuclear Geoscience

基　　金：云南省盈江至陇川高温热水带地热资源专项调查(编号:D201709)资助。

摘　　要：云南省盈江县莲花山地区是云南为数不多蕴含中高温地热区域,以往地热研究更多是围绕生产实际需求展开,在地热水化学组分来源、水-岩相互作用、热储温度多方法评价及地热系统成因机制等方面并未深入探究。基于水文地球化学方法,旨在识别地热水的循环过程,阐明地热系统的形成机理。利用水化学指标数理统计及相关性分析、Piper图、schoeller图、阴阳离子关系图解、氢氧同位素分析、SiO_(2)地热温标与多矿物平衡法,对盈江盆地地热水化学类型、主要离子组分来源、地热水补给来源、热储温度以及循环深度进行系统研究,继而推断地热水成因。结果表明:盈江盆地内地热田水化学类型为HCO_(3)-Na型。地热水中主要离子组分来源于卤化物矿物、长石类、氟化物与石膏等矿物的溶解,并伴随着阳离子交换作用的影响;地热水主要接受介于1348~1571 m之间山区大气降水,深部热储温度168.2℃。地热水在上涌过程中与围岩发生水-岩相互作用与阳离子交换作用,致使其水化学组分发生改变;热储热源主要来自地壳深部的岩浆囊,热源一部分通过苏典断裂带沟通以热对流形式向上传递热量,另一部分通过岩石以热传导的方式向上传递热量。大气降水沿导水结构下渗循环接受岩浆囊向上传递的热量使其增温,最终在断裂带附近形成以HCO_(3)-Na型水为主的对流-传导复合型水热系统。The Lianhua Mountain area in Yingjiang county,Yunnan province,is one of the several w regions in Yunnan that contains medium-high temperature geothermal resources.Previous geothermal research was more focused on meeting the actual production needs,lack of the in-depth exploration in aspects such as the sources of geothermal water chemical components,water-rock interactions,multi-method evaluations of reservoir temperatures,and the genetic mechanisms of geothermal systems.Based on hydro-geochemical methods,this paper aims to identify the circulation process of geothermal water and clarify the formation mechanism of the geothermal system.Through mathematical statistics and correlation analysis of hydrochemical indicators,Piper diagrams,Schoeller diagrams,diagrams of the relationships between anions and cations,hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis,SiO_(2) geothermal temperature scale,and the multi-mineral equilibrium method,a systematic study was carried out on the geothermal water chemical types,sources of major ionic components,recharge sources of geothermal water,reservoir temperatures,and circulation depths in the Yingjiang basin.Subsequently,the origin of geothermal water was inferred.The results show that the hydrochemical type of the geothermal fields in the Yingjiang basin is HCO_(3)-Na type.The major ionic components in the geothermal water originate from the dissolution of halide minerals,feldspars,fluorides,gypsum,and other minerals,and are influenced by cation-exchange reactions.The geothermal water is mainly recharged by mountainous atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 1348-1571 m.The deep reservoir temperature is 168.2°C.During the upwelling process,the geothermal water undergoes water-rock interactions and cation-exchange reactions with the surrounding rocks,resulting in the changes of its hydrochemical components.The heat source of the reservoir mainly comes from the magma chamber in the deep crust.Part of the heat is transferred upward in the form of heat convection through the connecti

关 键 词：盈江县莲花山 地热异常区 地热特征 水化学 成因机理 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]