黑水城医疗体系与军民就医形式再探讨  

Further Exploration of the Medical System and Military Civilian Medical Treatment Forms in Khara-khoto

作　　者：鄢梁裕 Yan Liangyu

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学中医学院

出　　处：《西夏研究》2025年第1期12-20,共9页Xixia Research

基　　金：文化和旅游部、国家中医药管理局《中华医藏》编纂出版项目《中华医藏》经典著作及其注释研究类医籍调研(项目批准号:KJS-ZHYZ-2018-004);吉林省教育厅科学研究重点项目“吉林省名老中医治学教育思想整理与研究”(项目批准号:JTKH20230948SK)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西夏和元朝对黑水城的建设使该地区的医疗体系得以发展和完善,黑水城军民可以选择汤药、针灸、祝禁、发愿多种形式来寻求疾病的治疗和内心的慰藉。黑水城有着多元的医学源头,中原汉地医学、宗教医学、少数民族医学共同组成了黑水城的医学体系网络。黑水城医疗水平虽落后于中原地区,但其医学和药物贸易的发展在一定程度上解决了当地军民对医药的需求,同时巫祝和佛教信仰也使得黑水城呈现出宗教、医学、巫术整合的局面。而对于黑水城这座因为军事而设立的城镇而言,除了扼守内陆交通贸易之外,频繁战事下产生的军事医学也是研究黑水城医疗社会史中不可忽视的一个重要方面,应该值得被注意。The construction of Khara-khoto in Xixia and the Yuan Dynasty made the medical system in this area perfect and developed.The soldiers and civilians in Khara-khoto can choose var-ious forms of decoction,acupuncture and moxibustion,witched-doctors treating diseases by prayer,and vow to seek treatment of diseases and inner consolation.Moreover,Khara-khoto has multiple medical sources.The medical system network of Khara-khoto is composed of TCM,religious medi-cine,and minority medicine.The medicine and drug trade in Khara-khoto have solved the military and civilian medical needs to a certain extent,but it still lags behind the eastern region.At the same time,the witchcraft and Buddhism beliefs make Khara-khoto present a situation of integration of religion,medicine,and witchcraft.For the town of Khara-khoto,which was established for mili-tary border defense,in addition to guarding inland transportation and trade,the military medicine generated by frequent wars is also an important factor that cannot be ignored in the study of the medical and social history of Khara-khoto,and should be noted.

关 键 词：黑水城 西夏 元朝 医疗体系 佛教医药 军队医疗 

分 类 号：K246.3[历史地理—历史学] R2-09[历史地理—中国史] K247[医药卫生—中医学]