植物修复盐碱地的作用机制  

Mechanism of Phytoremediation of Saline Alkali Land

作　　者：王宇璇 李旭光 张弛 刘子豪 孙志新 白懿杭 张瑞芳 WANG Yu-xuan;LI Xu-guang;ZHANG Chi;LIU Zi-hao;SUN Zhi-xin;BAI Yi-hang;ZHANG Rui-fang(College of Agronomy,Agriculture University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;National Research Center of Agricultural Engineering Technology of Northern Mountainous Areas,Agriculture University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Mountainous Agricultural Technology Innovation Center,Agriculture University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;College of Land and Resources,Agriculture University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省耕地质量监测保护中心,河北石家庄050000 [3]国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001 [4]河北省山区农业技术创新中心,河北保定071001 [5]河北农业大学国土资源学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2024年第6期22-27,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黄淮海粮田多因子障碍危害机制、精准识别与消减途径”(2021YFD1901001)。

摘　　要：近年来,越来越多的学者关注盐碱地治理。目前已采用多种方法进行盐碱地改良和修复,以恢复其生产力。其中生物改良中植物修复技术被认为是一种很有前景的盐碱土壤改良方法。为揭示植物修复技术在盐碱地治理方面的作用机制,在总结当前利用植物修复技术改良盐碱地相关研究的基础上,分析了植物修复盐碱地的机制,并探讨了植物修复对土壤性质的影响。结果发现,植物修复技术主要通过地上部带走土壤盐分、植物残体分解增加土壤养分、根系分泌物增加土壤溶液H+、植物与土壤微生物协同修复4个方面实现盐碱地的改良。同时,植物与土壤微生物互作可增加土壤对养分的固持能力,促进植物生长并增加植物抗逆性。与其他技术相比,植物修复技术更符合农业可持续性发展的要求。但利用种植植物进行盐碱地修复需要考虑植物的耐盐性和耐盐机制,应因地制宜选择耐盐碱作物。In recent years,more and more scholars have paid attention to the management of saline alkali land.At present,various methods have been adopted to improve and restore saline alkali land in order to restore its productivity.Among them,phytoremediation in biological improvement is considered a promising method for improving saline alkali soil.To reveal the mechanism of phytoremediation in the treatment of saline alkali land,based on the summary of current research on using plant remediation technology to improve saline alkali land,the mechanism of phytoremediation of saline alkali land was analyzed,and the impact of phytoremediation on soil properties was explored.The results showed that phytoremediation mainly improves saline alkali land through four aspects:removing soil salt from the aboveground parts,decomposing plant residues to increase soil nutrients,increasing soil solution H+by root exudates,and synergistic remediation of plants and soil microorganisms.Meanwhile,the interaction between plants and soil microorganisms can increase the soil's ability to retain nutrients,promote plant growth,and enhance plant stress resistance.Compared with other technologies,phytoremediation technology is more in line with the requirements of sustainable agricultural development.However,the use of plant cultivation for saline alkali land restoration needs to consider plant salt tolerance and salt tolerance mechanisms,and select salt alkali tolerant crops according to local conditions.

关 键 词：盐碱地 植物修复 生物技术 土壤改良 土壤性质 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]