减氮配施聚天冬氨酸对烤烟氮素利用及产质量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Polyaspartic Acid on Nitrogen Utilization,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：段俊雅 赵园园 王婷婷 韦建玉[2] 王政[2] 王德勋[3] 李娟[3] 史宏志[1] DUAN Junya;ZHAO Yuanyuan;WANG Tingting;WEI Jianyu;WANG Zheng;WANG Dexun;LI Juan;SHI Hongzhi(Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco,Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction,College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,China;Dali Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company,Yunnan Dali 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,烟草农业减害研究中心,烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,郑州450046 [2]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,南宁530001 [3]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报(中英文)》2025年第3期227-238,共12页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目(2021450000340021);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目(2022530000241015)。

摘　　要：为明确烤烟生产上施用聚天冬氨酸(polyaspartic acid,PASP)对减施氮肥条件下的增效提质作用,以‘红花大金元’为供试材料进行裂区试验,设置常规施氮(N1)及在常规施氮的基础上减氮10%(N2)、15%(N3)、20%(N4)4个施氮量处理,同时分别配施0.0%(P1)、2.5%(P2)、5.0%(P3)、7.5%(P4)的PASP,研究减氮条件下施用PASP对烤烟氮素利用及产质量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的减少,烟株生长发育变弱,叶片SPAD值和氮素吸收积累量降低,产量减少,氮肥表观利用率下降,生理利用率升高,烤后叶片糖含量升高,烟碱和总氮含量降低,劲头变小。等氮条件下,随着配施PASP比例的增加,烟株农艺指标明显改善,与不添加PASP相比,P4处理的SPAD值提高10.08%~18.44%,产量增加7.54%~9.44%,氮肥表观利用率和农学效率分别提高56.21%~72.59%和21.61%~28.38%,减氮条件下添加PASP烤后烟叶的吸食品质更好。综合来看,减氮15%条件下配施5.0%PASP处理烤后烟叶的产量和产值与常规施氮不添加PASP处理相当,同时氮肥利用率提高,烤烟质量较优。In order to determine the effect of polyaspartic acid(PASP)on the efficiency and quality of flue-cured tobacco production under the condition of reduced nitrogen application,a split-plot experiment was conducted with‘Honghua Dajinyuan’as the test material.4 nitrogen application treatments were set up,including the conventional nitrogen application(N1)and nitrogen reduction rates of 10%(N2),15%(N3)and 20%(N4)on the basis of conventional nitrogen application.At the same time,0.0%(P1),2.5%(P2),5.0%(P3)and 7.5%(P4)PASP were applied,respectively.The effects of PASP on nitrogen utilization,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco under nitrogen reduction were studied.The results showed that,with the decrease of nitrogen application rate,the growth and development of tobacco plants became weaker,the SPAD value,nitrogen absorption and accumulation,yield and nitrogen apparent utilization decreased,the nitrogen physiological utilization increased,the sugar content of fluecured tobacco leaves increased,the nicotine and total nitrogen content decreased,and the smoking power became smaller.Under same nitrogen conditions,with the increase of PASP ratio,the agronomic indexes of tobacco plants were significantly improved.Compared with no PASP,SPAD value and yield of P4 treatment increased by 10.08%~18.44%and 7.54%~9.44%,respectively,and the apparent utilization rate and agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer were increased by 56.21%~72.59%and 21.61%~28.38%,respectively.The smoking quality of tobacco leaves of PASP treatments under nitrogen reduction condition was better.In conclusion,the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated with 5.0%PASP under the condition of 15%nitrogen reduction were similar to the conventional nitrogen application without adding PASP treatment,and the nitrogen utilization rate increased,the quality of flue-cured tobacco was better.

关 键 词：烤烟 减氮 聚天冬氨酸(PASP) 氮肥利用率 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]