基于RS和GIS的河北省主要采煤区土壤侵蚀强度分析  

Analysis of soil erosion intensity in major coal mining areas of Hebei Province based on RS and GIS

作　　者：王春博 高鹏远 左伟昆 徐斌 赵兵杰 贺磊 WANG Chun-bo;GAO Peng-yuan;ZUO Wei-kun;XU Bin;ZHAO Bing-jie;HE Lei(Geophysical Survey Team of Hebei Province Coal Geological Bureau(Hebei Coal Underground Gasification Research Center),Xingtai 054000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省煤田地质局物测地质队(河北省煤炭地下气化研究中心),河北邢台054000

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第2期9-14,共6页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：河北省一般公共预算财政资金项目(343-0402-YQN-7IAY)资助。

摘　　要：针对河北省主要采煤区土壤侵蚀对周边环境的影响,该研究利用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,以河北省的邯郸、邢台、唐山等9个地区的采煤区为研究范围,分析了土壤侵蚀的强度和分布特征。通过对高分辨率的遥感影像和相关地理数据的处理,获取了研究区域的土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、坡度等数据,采用修正的通用土壤流失方程(USLE)模型,计算了研究区域的土壤侵蚀强度;绘制了土壤侵蚀强度分级图,并对其进行了空间分析和统计分析。结果表明,研究区域内主要以微度侵蚀级别为主,坡度较大、植被覆盖率较低的地区出现轻度侵蚀,有采矿活动的地区,出现侵蚀剧烈级别。经过分析:1)土壤侵蚀强度与土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、坡度等因素有显著的相关性。采煤活动是导致土壤侵蚀加剧的主要原因之一。2)采用遥感影像光谱信息提取与土壤流失方程模型结合,可估算河北采煤区土壤侵蚀量,可为河北省主要采煤区的土壤侵蚀防治和生态保护提供科学依据和技术支持。In response to the impact of soil erosion on the surrounding environment in the main coal mining areas of Hebei Province,this study used remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)technologies to analyze the intensity and distribution characteristics of soil erosion in 9 coal mining areas including Handan,Xingtai,and Tangshan in Hebei Province.By processing high-resolution remote sensing images and related geographic data,the land use type,vegetation coverage,slope and other data of the study area were obtained.The modified Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)model was used to calculate the soil erosion intensity of the study area;A soil erosion intensity classification map was drawn and subjected to spatial and statistical analysis.The results indicate that the main erosion level in the study area is micro erosion,with mild erosion occurring in areas with steep slopes and low vegetation coverage,and severe erosion occurring in areas with mining activities.After analysis:1)It was found that there is a significant correlation between soil erosion intensity and factors such as land use type,vegetation coverage,and slope.Coal mining activities are one of the main reasons for the exacerbation of soil erosion.2)By combining remote sensing image spectral information extraction with soil erosion equation modeling,the amount of soil erosion in coal mining areas in Hebei Province can be estimated,providing scientific basis and technical support for soil erosion prevention and ecological protection in major coal mining areas in Hebei Province.

关 键 词：遥感 采煤区 土壤侵蚀 GIS 生态保护 

分 类 号：P934[天文地球—自然地理学]