启东市不同生态型鸟类栖息地适宜性分析  

Analysis of suitability of different ecological bird habitats in Qidong

作　　者：秦昊 钟稚昉 田晔 吕忠海 腊孟珂 肖巧玲 芦昱 QIN Hao;ZHONG Zhi-fang;TIAN Ye;LV Zhong-hai;LA Meng-ke;XIAO Qiao-ling;LU Yu(School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Academy of Environmental Planning Design Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学环境规划设计研究院股份公司,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第2期82-88,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“典型脆弱生态系统保护与修复”重点专项(2024YFF1307204)资助。

摘　　要：鸟类是地区生态环境质量的重要指示物种,在生物多样性保护方面,栖息地适宜性评价尤为重要。基于启东市鸟类本底调查和遥感数据提取的环境变量,运用最大熵模型对启东市鸟类栖息地适宜性进行分析,并研究鸣禽、陆禽、涉禽、游禽、攀禽、猛禽6种生态型鸟类栖息地分布状况。结果显示:鸟类最适宜区呈现沿海块状分布、陆域带状和零散分布的特征,较适宜区有沿水系分布的格局。涉禽和游禽的最适宜区沿海分布,其余生态型鸟类在陆域均广泛分布。土地利用类型(33.2%)、距水源距离(20.4%)和距道路距离(18.6%)为影响各生态型鸟类栖息地适宜性的关键因素。目前划分的鸟类保护地已经覆盖了大部分最适宜区,但在长江沿岸仍存在一些保护空缺,建议加强滨江滩地的岸线保护。Birds are important indicators of regional ecological environment quality,and habitat suitability assessment is particularly important in biodiversity conservation.Based on the background investigation of birds in Qidong and the extraction of environmental variables from remote sensing data,the maximum entropy model is used to analyze the suitability of bird habitats in Qidong,and to study the distribution of habitats for six ecological types of birds:songbirds,landbirds,wading birds,swimming birds,climbing birds,and raptors.The results show that the most suitable area for birds exhibits characteristics of coastal block distribution,land band distribution,and scattered distribution,while the more suitable area has a pattern of distribution along the water system.The most suitable areas for wading and migratory birds are coastal distribution,while other ecological birds are widely distributed on land.Land use types(33.2%),distance from water sources(20.4%),and distance from roads(18.6%)are key factors affecting the suitability of habitats for various ecological bird species.At present,the designated bird protection areas have covered most of the most suitable areas,but there are still some gaps in protection along the Yangtze River.It is recommended to strengthen the shoreline protection of the riverside tidal flats.

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 最大熵模型 栖息地适宜性 启东市 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]