江西庐山国家级自然保护区游径附近野生动物活动节律研究  

Research on the activity rhythm of wild animals near the trails of Lushan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：陈吉美 黄志强 翟健程 尉飞鸿 CHEN Ji-mei;HUANG Zhi-qiang;ZHAI Jian-cheng;YU Fei-hong(School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;Planning and Research Institute of Nature Reserves,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学自然保护地规划研究院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第2期89-95,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：旅游活动对庐山国家级自然保护区动植物影响调查监测研究项目(H202200205)资助。

摘　　要：自然保护区开展旅游活动会对保护区内野生动物及其生境产生影响,研究游径附近野生动物活动节律能够为自然保护区生物多样性保护及旅游发展提供重要理论依据。本研究于2022年12月—2023年11月,在江西庐山国家级自然保护区3条典型游径附近利用红外相机对野生动物进行调查监测;并采用月相对丰富度指数、核密度估计方法分析高拍摄率物种的活动节律。结果显示:1)游径附近共拍摄到野生动物独立有效照片2 867张,共鉴定出物种23种,属12目18科,其中哺乳类10种、鸟类12种、爬行类1种。2)旅游干扰下高拍摄率物种的活动节律表现为:在时间维度,小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、野猪(Sus scrofa)的年活动节律和日活动节律对旅游干扰存在回避现象,花面狸(Paguma larvata)存在吸引现象;与旅游干扰的重叠系数(Δ):白鹇(0.726)>野猪(0.534)>小麂(0.348)>花面狸(0.024)。在空间维度,小麂日活动节律在不同距离区域无明显变化,近距离、中距离区域白鹇、野猪通过调节自身的日活动节律避开高强度的旅游干扰,而近距离区域花面狸的日活动节律则存在向旅游干扰集聚的趋势;且不同距离区域间高拍摄率物种的活动水平差异较小。研究认为,庐山保护区游径附近野生动物(高拍摄率物种)活动节律受到旅游干扰影响,且庐山作为成熟的旅游景区,区内游径附近的野生动物对旅游干扰表现出较强的适应性。Tourism activities in nature reserves will have an impact on wildlife and their habitats in nature reserves.Studying the activity rhythm of wild animals near the trails can provide an important theoretical basis for biodiversity protection and tourism development in nature reserves.This study used infrared cameras to investigate wild animals near the trails of Lushan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province from December 2022 to November 2023.The activity rhythm of species with high capture rates was analyzed by monthly relative abundance index and the kernel density estimation method.The results showed that:1)2867 independent photographs of wild animals were taken near the trails,and 23 species belonging to 12 orders and 18 families were identified,including 10 species of mammals,12 species of birds and 1 species of reptiles.2)The activity rhythm of high-capture rate species under tourism disturbance were as follows:In the time dimension,the annual and daily activity rhythm of Muntjac,Silver pheasant and Wild boar have avoidance phenomenon to tourist disturbance,and Masked civet was attracted by the tourist disturbance,and the overlap coefficient with tourism disturbance(Δ):Silver pheasant(0.726)>Wild boar(0.534)>Muntjac(0.348)>Masked civet(0.024).In the spatial dimension,there was no significant change in the daily activity rhythm of Muntjac in different distance areas;Silver pheasant and Wild boar in the near and medium distance areas avoided the high-intensity tourist disturbance by adjusting their daily activity rhythm,while the daily activity rhythm of Maskedpalm civet in near distance areas tended to gather to tourism disturbance;And the differences in activity levels between different areas is small.The study suggests that the activity rhythm of wild animals(high capture rates species)near the trails in Lushan Nature Reserve is affected by tourism disturbance,and Lushan is a mature tourist attraction,and the wild animals near the trails have shown strong adaptability to tourism disturbance.

关 键 词：旅游干扰 游径 自然保护区 庐山 活动节律 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]