洞庭湖水生生物群落结构时空变化及其生物完整性评价  

Temporal and spatial variation of aquatic community structure and assessment of its biological integrity in Dongting Lake

作　　者：欧阳美凤 谢意南 王丑明 阳文娟 何飞祥 OUYANG Mei-feng;XIE Yi-nan;WANG Chou-ming;YANG Wen-juan;HE Fei-xiang(Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Central of Dongting Lake in Hunan Province,Yueyang 414000,China;Furong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station in Changsha City,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省洞庭湖生态环境监测中心,湖南岳阳414000 [2]长沙市芙蓉生态环境监测站,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第2期103-109,182,共8页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：2022湖南省环保项目(HBKT-2022020)资助。

摘　　要：为查明洞庭湖浮游生物和底栖动物群落结构的时空变化及其与环境因子之间的关系,分析1989—2020年洞庭湖出入湖口以及湖区的水生生物种类、密度、优势物种以及环境因子。采用多元逐步回归分析(B-IBI、P-IBI)、冗余相关性分析(RDA),探讨洞庭湖浮游生物和底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系,采用综合营养状态指数、生物完整性指数对水环境状况、水生生物状况进行综合评价。结果表明:1)调查期间洞庭湖浮游植物共记录8门139属,物种主要是绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门。浮游植物平均细胞密度呈显著上升趋势,完整性指数呈波动性下降。2)浮游动物自2012年来共记录4门58属,优势种主要是轮虫的臂尾轮虫、枝角类的象鼻溞和桡足类的无节幼体。浮游动物密度呈上升趋势,群落结构由大型浮游动物(枝角类和桡足类)向小型浮游动物(原生动物和轮虫)转变。3)大型底栖无脊椎动物4门7纲229种,主要是水生昆虫和软体动物。其物种数和全湖平均密度均呈显著下降趋势,生物完整性指数呈波动式下降,减少的主要是水生昆虫和软体动物等小型动物。To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in the community structure of plankton and benthic animals in Dongting Lake and its relationship with environmental factors,we analyzed the aquatic species,density,dominant species,and environmental factors at the entrance and exit of Dongting Lake and in the lake area from 1989 to 2020.Multiple stepwise regression analysis(B-IBI,P-IBI)and redundancy correlation analysis(RDA)were used to explore the relationship between the community structure of plankton and zoobenthos and environmental factors in Dongting Lake.The comprehensive nutritional status index and biological integrity index were used to comprehensively evaluate the water environment and aquatic biological status.The results showed that:1)8 phyla and 139 genera of phytoplankton were recorded in Dongting Lake during the survey,and the species were mainly Chlorophyta,Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta.The average cell density of phytoplankton showed a significant upward trend,and the integrity index showed a fluctuating decline.2)Since 2012,zooplankton have been recorded in 4 phyla and 58 genera.The dominant species are mainly Brachionus rotifers,Daphnia elegans of Cladocera and nauplius of Copepoda.The density of zooplankton showed an upward trend,and the community structure changed from large zooplankton(Cladocera and Copepoda)to small zooplankton(protozoa and rotifers).3)There are 229 species of macrobenthic invertebrates belonging to 4 phyla,7 classes,mainly aquatic insects and molluscs.The number of species and the average density of the whole lake showed a significant downward trend,and the biological integrity index showed a fluctuating decline,mainly due to small animals such as aquatic insects and molluscs.

关 键 词：洞庭湖 浮游生物 底栖动物 生物完整性指数 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]