矿区野生苎麻对贫瘠及重金属污染土壤适应能力的比较研究  

Screening ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.)germplasms with adaptation to poor soil polluted with heavy metals from mining area

作　　者：吴胜兰[1,2] 揭红东 邢虎成 揭雨成[2,3] WU Sheng-lan;JIE Hong-dong;XING Hu-cheng;JIE Yu-cheng(Orient Science&Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学东方科技学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]岳麓山实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第2期110-117,共8页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872877)资助。

摘　　要：通过对湖南省5个矿区20个观测样区生长的苎麻种质资源进行调研及分析,以期筛选获得一批适应重金属污染贫瘠土壤的种质。通过调研相应苎麻居群的表型性状,并采用灰色关联分析法对采集样品与已筛选出的优势种质进行比较;接着还对相应种质的重金属富集能力进行了评价。重金属矿区瘠薄土壤生长的20份野生苎麻种质变异丰富(表型变异度最高达65.10%)、遗传多样性高(香农指数最高达2.02)。在土壤更为贫瘠且同时具有重金属胁迫的环境条件下,野生种质J3-4(来源于花垣矿区)与已筛选得到的贫瘠土壤适应性强的种质湘苎XB表型接近(灰色关联度为0.739)甚至地上生物产量更高。该种质对Pb和Cd的富集能力较强(转移系数均大于1),每平方米的地上生物质可吸收富集40.56 mg的Pb和4.37 mg的Cd。本研究筛选得到了一批贫瘠土壤适应性强及重金属耐受能力较强的种质,为苎麻在矿山复垦地和重金属污染地种植及相关育种工作提供材料支撑。This study was designed to screen wild ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.)germplasms characterized by tolerance to poor soil polluted with heavy metals.Across Hunan,a total of 20 sampling sites were established in five distinct mining regions.The phenotypic characters of the wild ramie populations were investigated,and compared with the variety of Xiangzhu XB(the screened material with strong adaptation ability to poor soil condition)by the grey relation analysis.Furthermore,the study assessed the ability of these materials to accumulate heavy metals.Results show that there are rich phenotypic variations(the highest CV value of 65.10%)and genetic diversity(the highest Shannon index value of 2.02)among the sampled populations.In particular,the wild germplasm J3-4(from the Huayuan mining area)demonstrates a phenotypic performance comparable to Xiangzhu XB as indicated by the grey relational grade of 0.739.Moreover,J3-4 also boasts a formidable capacity to accumulate Pb and Cd,with transfer coefficients exceeding 1.0 for both metals.Specifically,the harvested aboveground biomass per square meter is capable of sequestering and enriching 40.56 mg of Pb and 4.37 mg of Cd,respectively.These results confirm the possibility to screen ramie germplasms,which have the adaptation ability to poor soil polluted with heavy metals within mining regions.The screened germplasms provide support to expand the ramie cultivation in mine reclaimed land and heavy metal contaminated land.

关 键 词：苎麻 矿山修复 重金属污染 灰色关联度 资源评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q948.113[生物学—植物学]