低轨卫星轨道根数型星历拟合精度分析  

Accuracy analysis of orbital elements ephemeris fitting for low Earth orbit satellites

作　　者：杜俊锋 戴小蕾[1] 楼益栋[1] 李新刚[2] 包泽宇 DU Junfeng;DAI Xiaolei;LOU Yidong;LI Xingang;BAO Zeyu(GNSS Research Center,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学卫星导航定位技术中心,武汉430072 [2]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《导航定位学报》2025年第1期52-60,共9页Journal of Navigation and Positioning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42374033);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BAA054)。

摘　　要：为了进一步提高低轨(LEO)卫星拟合精度,探究星历参数设计对于不同轨道高度低轨(LEO)卫星拟合精度的影响:利用全球定位系统(GPS)16、18参数广播星历,对轨道长半轴、偏心率、轨道倾角和近地点幅角进行频谱分析;然后设计分别适用于LEO卫星短期和长期轨道拟合的22、24参数星历;最后采用5颗不同轨道高度卫星实测数据对4种星历拟合方法进行比较分析。结果表明,拟合时长影响拟合收敛的稳定性,对于数十分钟的短期拟合,当拟合时长达到40 min以上时,4种星历参数模型对于实验中各卫星均能稳定收敛,其中24参数星历拟合精度最高,轨道三维方向拟合精度在0.11~0.23 m;对于3 h以上的长期拟合,考虑了轨道长半轴线性变化和角速度加速度的18和24参数星历拟合精度更高,其中24参数星历24 h拟合时长的拟合精度在337.78~583.38 m。In order to further improve the fitting accuracy of low Earth orbit(LEO)satellites,the paper investigated the influence of ephemeris parameter design on the fitting accuracy of LEO satellites at different altitudes:by utilizing the 16 and 18 parameters broadcast ephemerides from the global positioning system(GPS),spectral analysis of the semi-major axis,eccentricity,inclination and argument of perigee was conducted;subsequently,ephemeris models consisting of 22 and 24 parameters were devised to suit short-term and long-term orbit fitting for LEO satellites,respectively;finally,actual measurement data from five satellites at different altitudes were used to comparatively analyze the four ephemeris fitting methods.Results showed that the fitting duration would affect the stability of convergence,specifically,for short-term fitting lasting several tens of minutes,all four ephemeris parameter models would exhibit stable convergence when the fitting duration exceeds 40 minutes,among them,the 24 parameters ephemeris model could demonstrate the highest fitting accuracy,with three-dimensional orbit fitting accuracy ranging from 0.11 m to 0.23 m;furthermore,for long-term fitting lasting over 3 h,higher fitting accuracy would be observed in the 18 and 24 parameters ephemeris models considering linear changes in semi-major axis and angular velocity acceleration,among them,the 24 parameters ephemeris model could exhibit a fitting accuracy ranging from 337.78 m to 583.38 m for a 24 h fitting duration.

关 键 词：低轨卫星(LEO) 广播星历设计 参数拟合 精度分析 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]