花地河中下游外来鱼类入侵现状及其与环境因子的关系  

The current status of invasive fish and their interrelationships with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Huadi River

作　　者：黄骏涵 余梵冬 王裕祥 黄哲 张铭斯 房苗 舒璐 徐猛[2,3] 韦慧[2,3] 汪学杰[2,3] 顾党恩[2,3] 罗思 Junhan Huang;Fandong Yu;Yuxiang Wang;Zhe Huang;Mingsi Zhang;Miao Fang;Lu Shu;Meng Xu;Hui Wei;Xuejie Wang;Dang’en Gu;Si Luo(School of Life Science and Food Engineering,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223003,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China;Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security(CAFS),Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]淮阴工学院生命科学与食品工程学院,江苏淮安223003 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部外来入侵水生生物防控重点实验室,广州510380 [3]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所外来物种与生态安全重点实验室,广州510380

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第11期56-66,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45);国家自然科学基金(32371746);广州市科技计划(202102020817,202201010257);广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目(2023KJ134);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD17);中国水产科学研究院所级基本科研业务费(2024SJRC11)。

摘　　要：花地河位于广州市荔湾区,流域内人口稠密,工商业和观赏鱼养殖业发达,是受人类干扰较大的典型城市河流。本文通过研究花地河中下游鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,摸清外来鱼类入侵状况和主要环境驱动因子,以期为城市河流水生生物多样性保护和生态修复提供科学依据。本研究于2023年7–8月(夏季)和2024年1–2月(冬季)分别在花地河中下游进行了鱼类资源调查,在干流及4个支流上分别布设了2–4个站点,总计18个调查站点,每季度调查18 d。两季共采集鱼类880尾,隶属于5目10科31属,共34种。其中,夏季采集到鱼类482尾,共26种,隶属于4目7科21属;冬季采集到鱼类398尾,共26种,隶属于5目8科23属。研究发现,花地河中下游全年的优势种为外来种尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)与麦瑞加拉鲮(Cirrhinus mrigala),其中,尼罗罗非鱼在夏季和冬季的相对重要性指数(relative importance index,IRI)分别为0.84723和0.55796,麦瑞加拉鲮的IRI分别为0.10971和0.14407。多样性分析表明,外来鱼类对花地河中下游的生物多样性存在一定影响,其中尼罗罗非鱼的存在与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均呈负相关。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,pH值、溶解氧和水温是影响花地河中下游鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子,RDA分析的6个排序轴共解释了约47.84%的群落结构变异,其中尼罗罗非鱼的分布主要受pH值和水温的影响,而麦瑞加拉鲮的分布则与溶解氧含量密切相关。研究表明,尼罗罗非鱼和麦瑞加拉鲮已成为花地河的优势种,严重威胁本地鱼类多样性,环境因素如pH值和溶解氧对外来鱼类分布有重要影响,引起外来鱼类入侵可能与城市化进程中观赏渔业兴起和水质变化有关。为应对外来物种入侵,建议加强花地河外来物种监控和防控,重点关注尼罗罗非鱼和麦瑞加拉鲮,并加�Aims:This study aims to investigate the fish community structure in the middle and lower reaches of the Huadi River,Guangzhou,to assess the status of invasive fish species,and analyze the main environmental drivers affecting the distribution.The findings aim to provide scientific evidence for conservation aquatic biodiversity and ecological and restoring urban river ecosystems.Methods:Fish resource surveys were conducted during two seasons:Summer(July-August 2023)and winter(January-February 2024).A total of 880 fish specimens were collected,encompassing 34 species from 5 orders,10 families,and 31 genera.In summer,482 individuals were recorded,representing 26 species from 4 orders,7 families,and 21 genera.In winter,398 individuals from 26 species across 5 orders,8 families,and 23 genera were collected.The study identified species composition,assessed biodiversity,and analyzed correlations with environmental factors.Results:The dominant species in the Huadi River throughout the year were the invasive Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and Mrigal carp(Cirrhinus mrigala).In summer,Nile tilapia accounted for a high relative importance index(IRI)of 0.84723,decreasing to 0.55796 in winter.Mrigal carp had an IRI of 0.10971 in summer and 0.14407 in winter.Biodiversity analysis revealed that the presence of Nile tilapia negatively impacted indices of diversity,and richness.Redundancy analysis(RDA)identified pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),and water temperature as the key environmental factors influencing the fish community structure,collectively explaining approximately 47.84%of the observed variance.Specifically,the distribution of Nile tilapia was strongly associated with pH and water temperature,while Mrigal carp showed a close relationship with dissolved oxygen levels.Conclusion:The results suggest that Nile tilapia and Mrigal carp have established dominance in the Huadi River,significantly threatening local fish biodiversity.Environmental factors such as pH and dissolved oxygen play a crucial role in shaping the distribution

关 键 词：花地河 城市河流 鱼类群落结构 冗余分析 尼罗罗非鱼 麦瑞加拉鲮 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]