《生物多样性公约》框架下外来入侵物种管控的全球进展、挑战和展望  

The global progress, ongoing challenges, and future prospects of invasive alien species under the framework of Convention on Biological Diversity

作　　者：耿宜佳 田瑜 李俊生 李子圆 潘玉雪 Yijia Geng;Yu Tian;Junsheng Li;Ziyuan Li;Yuxue Pan(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Command Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources,China Geological Survey Bureau,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心,北京100055

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第11期75-84,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：地质调查项目(DD20243299)。

摘　　要：外来入侵物种是全球生物多样性丧失的五大直接驱动因素之一,对生态环境、人类福祉具有极大的负面影响。尽管各国对外来入侵物种的认识逐步加深,管控措施也越来越严格,但全球外来入侵物种的数量始终未得到有效控制,甚至有持续增加的趋势。本文基于《生物多样性公约》并沿3条主线系统梳理了外来入侵物种管控相关国际政策和措施的发展进程:一是建立综合性工作体系,编制和发布相关工作指南、建立伙伴关系;二是定期研究设定相关全球目标,鼓励各国将外来入侵物种管控纳入其国家战略、方案和行动计划;三是根据相关国家或国际机构的诉求,就一些紧迫的、危害性严重的问题,设立专题,优先解决。结合大量科学研究文献和国际进程评估报告,对当前全球外来入侵物种管控的进展以及不同国家采取的立法和管理政策进行评估,分析当前在全球层面外来入侵物种管控存在的问题和面临的主要挑战。针对上述问题,结合我国社会的实际情况,本研究从4方面提出完善对策:加强外来入侵物种管控立法和监督,制定协调一致的政策工具,建立公众参与制度以及提高资源调动的能力。Background&Aims:Invasive alien species(IAS)are one of the five main direct driving factors of global biodiversity loss,posing significant negative impacts on the ecosystems and human well-being.Although countries have progressively deepened their understanding of IAS and implemented stricter control measures,the global number of invasive alien species has not been effectively controlled and continues to rise.This article provides a comprehensive review of the development of international policies and measures for controlling invasive alien species,and evaluates the current international progress and control measures in different countries by combining scientific literature and relevant international processes.This article also identifies the global challenges facing the control of invasive alien species and provides recommendations for scientific prevention and control of invasive alien species in China.Review Results:This paper systematically reviews the evolution of international policies and measures related to IAS management under the frame work of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),organized along three primary themes:First,establishing comprehensive frameworks and partnerships,developing and issuing relevant guidelines,raising awareness among nations while integrating IAS governance into agendas for terrestrial,marine,and coastal biodiversity conservation.Second,regularly formulating global objectives,encouraging countries to incorporate IAS control into their national strategies,programs,and action plans,while assessing the progress,challenges,and gaps in meeting these objectives.Third,addressing thematic issues based on some urgent problems according to the requests from countries or international agencies,by prioritizing urgent and severe IAS problems through targeted initiatives.Despite the conclusion of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets,particularly Target 9 on the management of IAS,limited progress has been made globally.Key challenges include:Weaknesses in legislation and policies frameworks,la

关 键 词：外来入侵物种 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》 《生物多样性公约》 生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学与政策平台 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]