黄河上游梯级水库运行对黄河干流水文情势的影响  

Influence of the Cascade Reservoir Operation of the Yellow River on the Hydrological Regime of the Main Stream of the Yellow River

作　　者：刘兰心 杨舒惠 王舒欣 胡静 李春晖[1] 易雨君[1] LIU Lanxin;YANG Shuhui;WANG Shuxin;HU Jing;LI Chunhui;YI Yujun(Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science,Ministry of Education,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《人民黄河》2025年第3期42-47,77,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U2243236);国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(52025092)。

摘　　要：为研究黄河上游梯级水库运行对下游河段水文情势的影响,以龙羊峡水库至刘家峡水库河段为研究区域,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验法检验进出库水文站(唐乃亥、贵德、循化、小川水文站)1952-2021年年平均流量突变年份,采用水文变化指标法-水文变化范围法(IHA-RVA法)定量评价进出库水文站月平均流量的水文改变度,采用Pearson相关性分析法评估进出库水文站年径流量和年输沙量的相关性。结果表明:进出库水文站流量呈现周期性变化且整体增大,黄河上游干流年平均流量在梯级水库运行后发生突变。水库运行后,位于水库上游的水文站月平均流量表现为中度、低度改变,而位于水库下游的水文站月平均流量表现为中度、高度改变,月平均流量变化与水库“汛蓄枯泄”运行模式相关联。进出库水文站的年输沙量都呈现减小趋势,其中上游唐乃亥水文站年输沙量减小幅度最小,下游小川水文站年输沙量减小幅度最大,年径流量与年输沙量显著正相关。In order to study the impact of the operation of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the hydrological re⁃gime of the downstream section,the Longyangxia Reservoir to Liujiaxia Reservoir section was taken as the research area,the Mann⁃Kendall mutation test was used to examine the years of abrupt changes in the average annual flow of the inflow and outflow hydrological stations(Tangnaihai,Guide,Xunhua,and Xiaochuan hydrological stations)from 1952 to 2021,the hydrological change index method⁃hydrological change range method(IHA⁃RVA method)was used to quantitatively evaluate the hydrological change degree of the monthly average flow of the inflow and outflow hydrological stations,Pearson correlation analysis method was used to evaluate the correlation between annual runoff and annual sediment discharge at the inflow and outflow hydrological stations.The results show that the flow of hydrological stations entering and leaving the reservoir exhibits periodic changes and overall increases,while the annual average flow of the upper reaches of the Yellow River undergoes a sudden change after the operation of the cascade reservoirs.After the operation of the reservoir,the monthly average flow of hydrological stations located upstream of the reservoir shows moderate to low changes,while the monthly average flow of hydrological stations located downstream of the reservoir shows moderate to high changes.The monthly average flow change is related to the“flood storage and dry discharge”operation mode of the reservoir.The annual sediment discharge of the inflow and outflow hydrological stations shows a decreasing trend,with the Tangnaihai Hydrological Station in the upstream showing the smallest decrease in sediment discharge,and the Xiaochuan Hydrological Station in the downstream showing the largest decrease in sediment discharge.The annual runoff is significantly positively corre⁃lated with the annual sediment discharge.

关 键 词：水文情势 IHA-RVA法 Mann-Kendall突变检验 相关性 黄河上游梯级水库 

分 类 号：TV62[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1