华北平原黄河宽V形河道控河机制分析  

Analysis of River Control Mechanism of Wide V-Shaped Yellow River Channel in North China Plain

作　　者：李永军[1] 彭南赫 段丰浩 肖良[1] 彭建兵[2,3] 王盼龙 王芊 LI Yongjun;PENG Nanhe;DUAN Fenghao;XIAO Liang;PENG Jianbing;WANG Panlong;WANG Qian(School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Academy of Yellow River Sciences of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [3]陕西省黄河科学研究院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《人民黄河》2025年第3期48-55,共8页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42041006,41790440,42202022);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-YB-240);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XJ2024002301);中央高校基本科研业务费专项重点项目(300102274902);陕西省“双一流”建设专项-黄河流域地质图编制项目。

摘　　要：黄河宽V形河道的形成与演化,既取决于华北平原周缘构造带的边界形态及其相互作用,又是对青藏高原NE向挤入作用的远程响应。三门峡至渤海湾入海口,受河岸区域性大断裂控制,黄河河道以兰考为拐点,由NEE转为NE向,形成了宽V形河道组合样式。区内河道的延伸样式主要表现为长线型延伸,其次为锯齿状摆动和短折线拐弯。三门峡-郑州段的黄河产于太行山南段构造带和秦岭构造带围限的断陷带中,山前大断裂均在第四纪以来发生了强烈的活动,主要河段产于断裂带中。华北平原是四大构造带围限的平面上呈不规则六边形的凹陷平原,不规则六边形的长边分别平行于太行山构造带和泰安-济南构造带。黄河主河道位于南阳–兰考–平阴–垦利隐伏断裂带中,NE向长线型支流部分平行于、部分重合于区内的NE向隐伏断裂带。可考证的历史时期的黄河改道和已知的废弃河道均产于隐伏大断裂带中。这些隐伏断裂是河岸两大构造带的次级断裂,大多在第四纪以来有显著的活动。黄河沿岸断裂及平原区的隐伏断裂是造山带形成与演化的主要产物,更是控制河道形成、演化、延伸、拐弯的主控因素。The formation and evolution of the wide V⁃shaped channel of the Yellow River depends not only on the boundary form of the tec⁃tonic belt around the North China Plain and its interaction,but also on the remote response of the NE⁃trending extrusion of the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau.From Sanmenxia to the estuary of Bohai Bay,the Yellow River channel takes Lankao as the inflection point due to the control of the regional major faults on the riverbank,and the flow direction of the front and rear sections of the river channel changes from NEE to NE,forming a wide V⁃shaped channel combination style.The extension style of the river channel in the area is mainly manifested as long linear extension,followed by oblique array swing and short broken line turning.The Yellow River in the Sanmenxia⁃Zhengzhou section is produced in the fault depression zones surrounded by the southern Taihang Mountains tectonic belt and the Qinling tectonic belt.The piedmont faults have been strongly active since the Quaternary,and the main river sections are produced in the fault zone.The North China Plain is an irreg⁃ular hexagon⁃shaped depression plain on the plane bounded by four major tectonic belts.The long sides of the irregular hexagon are parallel to the Taihang Mountains tectonic belt and the Tai’an⁃Ji’nan tectonic belt,respectively.The main channel of the Yellow River is located in the hidden fault zone of Nanyang⁃Lankao⁃Pingyin⁃Kenli,with some of the NE trending long line tributaries parallel to and partially overlapping with the NE trending hidden fault zone in the area.The ancient diversion of the Yellow River in the verifiable historical period and the known abandoned Yellow River are all occurred in the hidden major fault zones.These hidden faults are the secondary faults of the two major tectonic belts along the river bank,and have mostly been significantly active since the Quaternary.The faults along the Yellow River and the hidden faults in the plain area are the main products of the formation and evoluti

关 键 词：黄河 宽V形河道 断裂控河 华北平原 

分 类 号：TV147.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] P542.3[天文地球—构造地质学] TV882.1[天文地球—地质学]