共同目标与差异化方案:中非、欧非能源转型合作比较  

Common Goals and Divergent Approaches:A Comparative Analysis of China-Africa and EU-Africa Cooperation on Energy Transformation

作　　者：姚乐 YAO Le

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《国际展望》2025年第2期154-179,186,共27页Global Review

摘　　要：当前,随着大国战略竞争日趋激烈,非洲逐渐成为大国地缘政治经济竞争的新场域。同时,非洲能源转型国际合作也面临更严峻的地缘政治风险。作为非洲的重要发展合作伙伴,中国与欧盟都将能源转型视为对非合作的重要支柱。为了厘清中国和欧盟对非合作在宏观上和微观上的共性和差异,进而探究中、欧在非洲可能的互动模式,需要从合作目标、合作动机、合作路径、合作资金分配结构以及合作模式等方面对中非、欧非能源转型合作进行全方位比较研究。中、欧对推动非洲能源转型拥有共同目标,但在具体合作方案上存在显著差异。中国受共同发展经历因素驱动,支持公正转型路径,在资金分配上体现出更多的利他动机,但合作模式仍以政府主导为主,市场化程度不足;而欧盟受地缘政治因素驱动,采取激进转型路径,以自身利益诉求主导资金分配,以高度市场化的模式开展合作。上述异同本质上由中、欧各自身份定位、外交理念以及国家利益认知决定,将导致中、欧在非洲能源转型领域长期处于复杂竞合状态。As global and regional strategic competition intensifies,Africa has emerged as a new front in the geopolitical and economic rivalry among major powers.The international cooperation surrounding energy transformation in Africa is increasingly vulnerable to geopolitical risks.As key development partners of Africa,both China and the European Union regard energy transformation as a central pillar of their cooperation.To understand the similarities and differences in China-Africa and EU-Africa cooperation from both macro and micro perspectives,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive comparative study,focusing on cooperation objectives,motivations,implementation pathways,funding allocation,and cooperation models.Both China and the EU share overarching goals for Africa’s energy transformation;however,they diverge significantly in their specific plans.Driven by the principles of common development,China advocates for a just transition path,reflecting an altruistic approach to funding distribution.In contrast,the EU,influenced by geopolitical concerns,pursues a more radical transition strategy,prioritizes its interests in funding allocation,and implements a highly market-oriented cooperation model.These similarities and differences are fundamentally shaped by the distinct identities,diplomatic ideologies,and national interest perceptions of China and the EU.As a result,China and the EU will likely remain in a complex and evolving state of competition and cooperation in Africa’s energy transformation sector.

关 键 词：中非关系 欧非关系 能源转型合作 地缘政治 

分 类 号：D822.34[政治法律—政治学]