语用未言探微  

Onthe Motivation of Pragmatic Unarticulation

作　　者：向明友 侯学昌 XIANG Mingyou;HOU Xuechang

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学

出　　处：《中国外语》2025年第1期35-42,共8页Foreign Languages in China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“面向人工智能的言语行为博弈机制研究”(编号:21BYY112)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：未言成分是语用未言行为的产物,学界对前者的解读持不同立场,争鸣至今仍不绝于耳。过往研究多致力于探索未言成分的本质、未言成分的局部意义识解及语用充实机制,鲜少揭示未言行为的动因,更缺乏对未言成分使用全过程的综合探究。本文提出语用未言概念,从厘定其与未言成分的关系入手,引入两大语用规律,超越意义识解层面将未言成分置于言语交际的宏观背景中加以解读,旨在剖析语用未言行为的动因。研究发现,经济规律和自主性规律形成互补且完整的解释框架,揭示了语用未言行为的动因,即对言语资源效用最大化的追求、言语边际效用递减的制约以及对交际者自主性的观照。此外,语用未言行为现象将言、听双方紧密联系在一起,助力经济性和自主性的实现,从而促进言语交际的顺利进行。由此,本文立足于语用行为层面,将未言成分纳入统一的语用规律解释框架,希冀弥补前贤探究未言成分“重听者、轻言者”“重识解、轻产出”的缺憾。The behavior of pragmatic unarticulation leads to the emergence of unarticulated constituents,a topic heatedly discussed in the field of pragmatics and language philosophy.Past studies focus on the nature,meaning construal as well as the enrichment mechanism of unarticulated constituents while failing to give due attention to the motivation of pragmatic unarticulation behavior.In view of this,this study attempts to approach unarticulated constituents from a macroscopic perspective,going beyond meaning-level explanation and viewing unarticulated constituents as the result of pragmatic unarticulation in communication.Building on the definition of unarticulated constituents,this study proposes the notion of pragmatic unarticulation and holds that the law of economy and the law of autonomy work together to account for the motivation of pragmatic unarticulation,namely,the pursuit of utility maximization in language use,the constraint of diminishing marginal utility in language use,and the consideration of interlocutors'autonomy.In addition,pragmatic unarticulation entails the joint engagement of speaker(s)and hearer(s),serving as the means to the realization of the above-mentioned two laws,thus ensuring a smooth communication.Therefore,this study offers a unified account of pragmatic unarticulation from a macroscopic perspective,complementing past studies on unarticulated constituents.

关 键 词：未言成分 语用未言 经济规律 自主性规律 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]