BeCl-CA DES回收废旧NCM正极材料中的有价金属  

Recovery of valuable metals from cathode materials of spent NCM lithium-ion batteries with BeCl-CA DES

作　　者：李堂姝 刘建[1] 兰伟伟 李滨伶 LI Tangshu;LIU Jian;LAN Weiwei;LI Binling(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学环境科学与工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2025年第1期258-269,共12页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助项目(2021YFFG0117)。

摘　　要：回收废旧锂离子电池中的有价金属具有显著的经济和环保效益。本研究利用盐酸甜菜碱(BeCl)和柠檬酸(CA)合成一种低共熔溶剂BeCl-CA DES,用于回收废旧镍钴锰酸锂电池(NCM)正极材料中的有价金属。结果表明:浸出温度和固液比对废旧NCM正极材料中有价金属浸出率的影响总体上强于浸出时间;在浸出温度为95℃、浸出时间为125 min、固液比为40 g/L的条件下,BeCl-CA DES对废旧NCM正极材料中Li、Ni、Co、Mn的浸出率分别可达97.23%、95.99%、99.31%、99.24%。浸出过程是在BeCl-CA DES的酸性、还原性和Cl-的强配位协同作用下进行的,浸出过程主要受表面化学反应控制。研究结果可为绿色高效回收废旧NCM正极材料中的有价金属提供依据。Recycling valuable metals from used lithium-ion batteries has significant economic and environmental benefits.In this study,betaine hydrochloride(BeCl)and citric acid(CA)were used to synthesize a deep eutectic solvents(BeCl-CA DES)for recovering valuable metals from the cathode material of spent nickel-cobaltmanganese lithium-ion batteries(NCM).The results show that the influences of leaching temperature and solidliquid ratio on the leaching rates of valuable metals in spent NCM cathode materials are generally stronger than that of leaching time.Under the conditions of leaching temperature of 95℃,leaching time of 125 min and solidliquid ratio of 40 g/L,the leaching rates of Li,Ni,Co and Mn in spent NCM cathode materials can reach 97.23%,95.99%,99.31%and 99.24%,respectively.The leaching process is carried out under the synergistic effect of the acidity and reducibility of BeCl-CA DES and the strong coordination of Cl−,and the leaching process is mainly controlled by the surface chemical reaction.The research results can provide a strong basis for green and efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent NCM cathode materials.

关 键 词：盐酸甜菜碱 柠檬酸 低共熔溶剂 三元锂离子电池 有价金属 

分 类 号：TF09[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]