深部金属矿异构环境爆破开采诱发岩体动力灾害防控  

Control for rock dynamic disasters induced by blasting mining disturbance under heterogeneous condition in deep metal mines

作　　者：周子龙[1] 王少锋[1] 蔡鑫[1] 黄英华 赵聪聪 ZHOU Zilong;WANG Shaofeng;CAI Xin;HUANG Yinghua;ZHAO Congcong(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2025年第1期306-322,共17页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(52334003,52474168)。

摘　　要：战略性矿产资源为国民生产和国防建设提供重要物质基础,其供给保障直接关系国计民生与国家安全。地下金属矿山作为战略性金属矿产资源供给的主阵地,快速向深部延伸。深部金属矿山多采场多中段作业在地下形成了结构不连续、材料非均质、应力非均匀的复杂异构环境。在这种环境下,爆破等开采扰动极易诱发岩体失稳进而引发岩爆、大规模坍塌等动力灾害,严重制约深部金属矿山安全高效可持续开发。因此,针对深部金属矿山存在的变异应力场、复杂岩体结构、强动力扰动等特点,亟需开展深部金属矿异构环境开采诱发岩体动力灾害防控理论与技术研究,获得异构环境下动力扰动诱发高应力岩体动态失稳规律,阐明深部异构环境下关键结构体的应力变化、动态损伤、裂纹扩展和能量耗散特性,揭示爆破应力波诱发深部异构区域高储能岩体灾变机制,构建以动静能量为指标的爆破诱发深部高储能岩体动力灾害判据,提出异构环境改良调控和高储能岩体精细化爆破主导有序破裂控制的深部金属矿复杂异构环境岩体动力灾害综合防控新模式,为深部金属矿山安全高效开采和灾害防控提供理论与技术支撑。Metal mineral resources provide an important material basis for national production and national defense construction,the sufficient supply of which is directly related to the national economic development and national security.Underground metal mine is a main position for suppling the metal mineral resources,the mining depth of which rapidly extends to the deep.The mining operation with multi-stope and multi-stage in deep metal mine leads to the complex heterogeneous conditions with discontinuous structure,heterogeneous medium and nonhomogeneous stress.Under these complex conditions,the rock mass is prone to instability triggered by blasting,which results in dynamic disasters,such as rockburst and large-scale collapse,and seriously restricts the safe,efficient and sustainable development of deep metal mines.For the characteristics of variant stress field,complex heterogeneous rock structure and strong dynamic disturbances in deep metal mines,the theory and technology for control of rock dynamic disasters induced by mining disturbance under heterogeneous condition in deep metal mines are necessary to be studied.The instability rule of high-stressed rock stimulated by dynamic disturbance under complex heterogeneous condition will be obtained to reveal the characteristics of stress variation,dynamic damage,crack propagation and energy dissipation of key structure.The mechanism for the blast-inducing disaster of rock storing high energy in heterogeneous region would be elucidated,and the criterion of rock dynamic disaster would be built based on static and dynamic energy indices.Finally,the new comprehensive prevention and control mode for the dynamic disaster under complex heterogeneous condition would be proposed based on the heterogeneous environment improvement and fine blasting of high energy rock.The efforts in the study can provide key theoretical and technical supports for safe and efficient development in deep metal mines.

关 键 词：深部金属矿 异构环境 爆破 岩体动力灾害 灾害防控 

分 类 号：TD85[矿业工程—金属矿开采]