德国工程博士培养的类型、特色与挑战  

Cultivating Doctors of Engineering in Germany:Types,Characteristics,and Challenges

作　　者：王兆义 陈洪捷[2] 何爱芬 WANG Zhaoyi;CHEN Hongjie;HE Aifen(Research Center for German-Speaking Countries,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangshou 310023;Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Research and Development Department,China Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Development Center,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技大学德语国家研究中心,杭州310023 [2]北京大学教育学院,北京100871 [3]教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心研究与发展处,北京100083

出　　处：《大学与学科》2024年第4期90-101,共12页Universities and disciplines

基　　金：浙江省软科学研究计划项目“基于德国经验推进浙江企业主导产学研深度融合的优化路径和对策研究”(2024C35G1752147)。

摘　　要：德国工程博士诞生于19世纪末,伴随工业革命的发展,培养了大批高级工程人才,推动了德国经济社会的发展,使高等工程教育从传统大学体系中脱离出来,形成了自己的独特路径。在统一的质量标准下,德国工程博士培养有传统型、结构型、产业型、快速直升型以及应用科学大学博士等多种类型,充分面向实践和应用,以项目为牵引,体现出高度的多样化和跨学科性。与此同时,德国工程博士的发展也面临规模合理性以及研究与实践的平衡等问题,应用科学大学独立培养博士仍然长期处于初步探索的阶段。The engineering doctoral degree education in Germany started in the late 19th century.With the development of the Industrial Revolution,it cultivated a large quantities of advanced engineering talent,promoted the development of the German economy and society,separated higher engineering education from the traditional university system,and formed its own unique path.Under a unified quality standard,Doctor of Engineering in Germany comes in various types,including traditional promotion,structural promotion,industrial promotion,fast-track promotion,and promotion at a university of applied sciences.The Doctor of Engineering programs are fully oriented towards practice and application with projects as the driving force,and reflect a high level of diversification and interdisciplinarity.At the same time,the development of the Doctor of Engineering programs in Germany also faces issues such as the rationality of scale and the balance between research and practice.Cultivating doctors of engineering independently at universities of applied sciences is still in an initial exploration stage for a long time.

关 键 词：工程博士 博士授予权 应用科学大学 多样化 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]