自然杀伤细胞疗法的机遇与挑战  

Opportunities and challenges of NK cell therapy

作　　者：丁亦扬 赵翔宇[1] DING Yiyang;ZHAO Xiangyu(Peking University People's Hospital,Peking University Institute of Hematology,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学人民医院、北京大学血液病研究所、国家血液系统疾病临床医学研究中心、血液肿瘤细胞和基因治疗北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《实用医学杂志》2025年第5期621-627,共7页The Journal of Practical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:82070184,82350105,82270228);四大慢病重大专项(编号:2023ZD0501200);科技部雄安新区科技创新专项(编号:2023XACX0004);北京高等学校卓越青年科学家计划资助项目(编号:JWZQ20240101001);北京市自然科学基金项目(编号:Z240019)。

摘　　要：自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)是天然免疫系统的一部分,可以不受主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)限制识别并消除异常细胞,在机体抗肿瘤、抗病毒、免疫调节中发挥着重要作用,因此NK细胞治疗在免疫细胞治疗领域颇有前景。嵌合抗原受体NK细胞治疗(CAR-NK)增加了NK细胞的靶向性和功能活性,进一步提升了NK细胞杀伤潜力,是当前及未来NK细胞治疗领域的研究热点。现阶段NK细胞治疗已在抗肿瘤、抗病毒及自身免疫性疾病中开展诸多临床试验。本文总结了当前NK细胞治疗在临床应用的研究现况,表明了NK细胞治疗是一项极具潜力的免疫细胞疗法,尽管面临着细胞持久性和肿瘤微环境抑制等挑战,但这一领域的发展前景依然广阔。Natural killer(NK)cells are essential components of the innate immune system,characterized by their ability to identify and eliminate abnormal cells through receptors that operate independently of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)restriction.As a result,NK cells play a critical role in anti-tumor,antiviral,and immune regulatory responses.Chimeric antigen receptor NK cell therapy(CAR-NK)enhances the targeting specificity and functional activity of NK cells,thereby augmenting their cytotoxic potential and opening new avenues for cancer treatment.To date,numerous clinical trials have evaluated NK cell therapy for anti-tumor,antiviral,and autoimmune diseases.This article summarizes the current research status of NK cell therapy in clinical applications,highlighting its promising efficacy and safety as an innovative immunotherapy.Despite challenges such as limited cell persistence and tumor microenvironment suppression,the prospects for further development in this field remain promising.

关 键 词：自然杀伤细胞 细胞治疗 嵌合抗原受体NK细胞免疫疗法 

分 类 号：R457[医药卫生—治疗学]