异基因造血干细胞移植后的免疫相关研究进展  

Advances in immunological research on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

作　　者：陈星驰 朱小玉 CHEN Xingchi;ZHU Xiaoyu(Department of Hematology,the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC,Blood and Cell Therapy Institute,Divi-sion of Life Sciences and Medicine,University of Science and Technology of China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications,Hefei 230001,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)血液科、中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部血液和细胞治疗研究所、血细胞研究及应用安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《实用医学杂志》2025年第5期641-647,共7页The Journal of Practical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:82270223)。

摘　　要：异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是一种通过输注异基因造血干细胞来重建移植受者造血及免疫功能的方法,已经发展成为一种有效的过继细胞免疫疗法,有望治愈多种疾病包括恶性血液病、造血衰竭性疾病、先天免疫缺陷病及遗传代谢性疾病等。免疫学在allo-HSCT中起着重要作用,移植后免疫生物学是相对独特的,因为它涉及供体和宿主之间潜在的免疫识别和攻击。本文综述了allo-HSCT后免疫重建的特点,探讨了移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)与移植物抗白血病(GVL)效应的免疫基础,并分析了新型治疗策略如何调控这些免疫反应,加强移植相关并发症的管理,提高患者预后。最后,本文提出了GVHD与GVL效应调控中面临的挑战,并展望了未来的研究方向。Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is a therapeutic approach that restores hematopoietic and immune functions in recipients through the infusion of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells.It has evolved into an effective form of adoptive cellular immunotherapy,offering curative potential for various diseases,including malignant hematologic disorders,hematopoietic failure syndromes,congenital immunodeficiencies,and genetic metabolic disorders.Immunology plays a pivotal role in allo-HSCT,as post-transplant immunobiology is uniquely characterized by the potential for immune recognition and attack between donor and host cells.This review elucidates the distinctive features of immune reconstitution following allo-HSCT,examines the immunological underpinnings of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)and the graft-versus-leukemia(GVL)effect,and evaluates how novel therapeutic strategies modulate these immune responses to improve the management of transplant-related complications and enhance patient outcomes.Additionally,the review addresses the challenges in balancing GVHD and GVL effects and outlines potential directions for future research.

关 键 词：异基因造血干细胞移植 免疫机制 恶性血液病 

分 类 号：R392.4[医药卫生—免疫学]