人工智能在临床实验室变革中的潜力  

Potentials of artificial intelligence in revolutionizing clinical laboratory

作　　者：曹静 易欣 Cao Jing;Yi Xin(Department of Pathology,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,Dallas 75390,USA;Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,Houston Methodist Hospital,Weill Cornell Medical College,Houston 75203,USA)

机构地区：[1]美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心病理科,达拉斯75390 [2]美国休斯顿卫理公会医院病理和检验医学科,康奈尔医学院,休斯敦75203

出　　处：《中华检验医学杂志》2025年第2期172-178,共7页Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine

摘　　要：人工智能(AI)正在迅速革新临床实验室检测和诊断领域。通过机器学习和自然语言处理等技术,AI能够提升诊断的效率、准确性,并提供个性化的医疗服务。在实验室质量管理中,AI可以进行实时过程监控和错误检测,提升检测的可靠性。结合传统统计方法与AI技术的新型模型如基于患者实时质量控制系统,已经在识别系统和非系统误差方面表现出高效性。AI驱动的临床决策支持系统在急性肾损伤、败血症、肝纤维化及心血管疾病等领域的应用显示出极大的潜力,可以改善疾病风险预测和患者管理。然而,AI在这一领域的应用仍面临数据标准化、隐私安全、技术实施成本等挑战。随着全球AI监管框架的建立,AI技术将逐步整合进实验室信息管理系统,成为推动实验室医学进步的重要力量。Artificial Intelligence(AI)is rapidly revolutionizing clinical laboratory testing and diagnostics.Through technologies like machine learning and natural language processing,AI enhances diagnostic efficiency and accuracy while providing personalized medical services.In laboratory quality management,AI enables real-time process monitoring and error detection,significantly improving testing reliability.New models that integrate traditional statistical methods with AI technologies,such as patient-based real-time quality control has shown high effectiveness in identifying both systematic and non-systematic errors.AI-driven clinical decision support systems demonstrate great potential in managing acute kidney injury,sepsis,liver fibrosis,and cardiovascular diseases by improving disease risk prediction and patient management.However,the application of AI in this field still faces challenges like data standardization,privacy security,and technical implementation costs.With the establishment of global AI regulatory frameworks,AI technologies will be gradually integrated into laboratory information management systems,becoming a key force in advancing laboratory medicine.

关 键 词：人工智能 机器学习 检验医学 临床实验室管理 临床决策辅助 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] R446[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]