海南岛辣椒疫霉菌侵染胡椒过程的细胞学观察  

Cytology Observation on Process of Black Pepper Infected by Phytophthora capsici from Hainan Island

作　　者：高圣风[1,2] 王亚男 付华菲 胡生燕 刘世超 孙世伟 GAO Shengfeng;WANG Ya’nan;FU Huafei;HU Shengyan;LIU Shichao;SUN Shiwei(Spice and Beverage Research Institute,CATAS,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;Hainan Xingke Tropical Engineering Technology Company Limited,Wanning,Hainan571533 China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu’er Yunnan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁571533 [2]海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁571533 [3]海南兴科热带作物工程技术有限公司,海南万宁571533 [4]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2025年第1期63-68,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南自然科学基金项目(No.320MS104);海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDYF2022XDNY169);国家自然科学基金(No.31972329)。

摘　　要：辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)引起的胡椒瘟病是危害胡椒生产的第一大病害。侵染过程是认识病害和指导防控的重要基础。本研究以“辣椒疫霉—胡椒”为互作对象,观察侵染过程中的病原菌和寄主细胞进行的细胞学变化。结果显示:(1)接种前,游动孢子呈圆球形,作自由游动。(2)接种后3 h,游动孢子在胡椒下胚轴表皮休止呈扁球形,大部分休止孢继续变形呈洋梨形或椭球型,少部分保持原状并萌发出短芽管;休止孢附着的寄主细胞开始被诱导活性氧迸发和胼胝质积累。(3)接种6 h,短芽管发育成末端膨大的长芽管;已侵入的菌丝沿寄主细胞间隙延伸扩展,菌丝侧面形成指状吸器结构,吸器多聚集成簇;寄主细胞在入侵菌丝位置产生大量的胼胝质积累,被入侵细胞出现显著的活性氧迸发以及细胞死亡。(4)接种24 h,入侵菌丝扩展至胡椒下胚轴的木质部,填充满髓部细胞并沿之纵向迅速扩展;在其他部位主要通过细胞间隙向四周缓慢扩展。(5)接种48 h,入侵菌丝开始从寄主细胞间隙、气孔等位置突破至植株体外形成气生菌丝。研究结果首次揭示了辣椒疫霉菌侵染胡椒的细胞学过程,为进一步研究“辣椒疫霉—胡椒”互作,揭示胡椒瘟病发生机制奠定基础。The Phytophthora foot rot disease caused by P.capsici was considered as the first harmful black pepper(Piper nigrum L)disease in Hainan island of China.Disease infection process is the directly interaction of“pathogen-host plant”,also the necessary prerequisite for the pathogenesis mechanism study and the disease management.However,the cytological proc-ess of black pepper infected by P.capsica has not been reported yet.This study,the cytological morphology of the pathogen and host cells during“P.capsici–black pepper”interaction was observed.The main results are as follows.(1)Pre-inoculation,zoospores were spherical shaped,swimming freely after being released.(2)3 h after inoculation,zoospores attached to the hypocotyl epidermis and developing into flat spherical cysts.Most cysts further deformed into pear shaped or ellipsoidal shapes,while a few still keep spherical shape but germinated short tubes.The host cell sites attached with the further deformed cysts were induced to produce reactive oxygen species and callose.(3)6 h after inoculation,long germ tubes could be detected with swollen ends as appressorium at the host epidermis.The invasive hyphae expanded through the intercellula space of the host cells,and developed clusters of finger-shaped haustoria in cells along the expanding way.Significantly callose deposition and reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst were induced within infected host cells,and the cell death could also be detected at this point.(4)24 h after inoculation,the invasive hyphae extended to the xylem tissue of the host hypocotyl,and colonized full fill the pith cells.Invasive hyphae rapidly expanding along xylem cells in the vertical direction,whereas intercellularly ex-panding in the horizontal with a relatively slow speed.(5)48 h after inoculation,aerial hyphae sprouted up through stomata and other intercellular space of host plant.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of cytology process of black pepper infected by P.capsica and the induced black pepper cell defense

关 键 词：胡椒 辣椒疫霉菌 侵染过程 显微观察 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]