索绪尔语言符号任意性“不可论证”内涵探讨  

Discussion on the“Undemonstrable”Connotation of Saussure’s Symbolic Arbitrariness

作　　者：骆明弟 LUO Mingdi(College of Liberal Arts/School of Journalism and Communication,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学文学院/新闻与传播学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《同济大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期118-128,共11页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：被看作语言符号“头等重要”原则的任意性原则自从被索绪尔提出来以后,影响很大,所引发的争议也很大。功能语言学、认知语言学兴起后,对任意性原则的质疑、否定之声尤盛。这其中有索绪尔自身理论体系不自洽的原因,主要表现在将任意性定义为能指与所指之间的“不可论证”性,从而带来一些在其理论体系内无解的问题,比如:“不可论证”内涵面临大量无法自圆其说的反证,造成任意性与理据性的对立,最后“反噬”任意性自身。其实任意性的本质不在于能指与所指之间是否“可论证”,而在于这种“可论证”是否是必然的、内在的、本质的。“不可论证”并非任意性的本质属性,任意性不应以是否“可论证”为前提。任意性的本质属性是能指与所指联系的非本质性、非内在性、非必然性,以及能指与所指通过“人为约定、社会俗成”机制结合的自由多样性。The principle of arbitrariness,which is regarded as the“fundamental”principle of linguistic signs,has had a great influence and controversy since it was proposed by Saussure.After the rise of functional linguistics and cognitive linguistics,doubts and denials of arbitrariness have intensified.This is partly due to the inconsistency within Saussure’s own theoretical system,which is mainly manifested in the definition of arbitrariness as the“undemonstrable”between the signifier and the signified,which brings about some unsolvable problems in its theoretical system.For instance,the concept of“undemonstrability”faces a large number of counter-evidences,making arbitrariness and rationality opposed,and finally“regurgitating”arbitrariness itself.In fact,the essence of arbitrariness does not lie in whether the signifier and the signified are“demonstrable”,but in whether this“demonstrability”is necessary,intrinsic,or essential.“Undemonstrability”is not an essential property of arbitrariness,and arbitrariness should not be premised on whether it is“demonstrable”.The essential attributes of arbitrariness are the non-essentiality,non-intrinsicness,and non-necessity of the signifier’s connection,as well as the free diversity of the signifier combined through the mechanism of“artificial agreement and social custom”.

关 键 词：任意性 不可论证 能指所指 内涵 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]