基于RISC-V的农田智能灌溉控制系统研究  

Intelligent Irrigation Control System for Farmland Based on RISC-V

作　　者：王猛[1,3,4] 王凯 张杰 杨张青[1,3] 赵巧丽 秦一浪 李国强[1,3,4] Wang Meng;Wang Kai;Zhang Jie;Yang Zhangqing;Zhao Qiaoli;Qin Yilang;Li Guoqiang(Institute of Agricultural Information Techology,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Province Soil and Fertilizer Station,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Smart Agriculture,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院农业信息技术研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南省土壤肥料站,郑州450000 [3]农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,郑州450002 [4]河南省智慧农业工程技术研究中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第5期51-58,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110142,232102110051);河南省重大科技专项(221100110700);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC065)。

摘　　要：为提高农田灌溉水分利用率,明确不同土质对灌溉量的影响,利用RISC-V架构芯片构建了一种基于模型的灌溉控制系统。该系统以GD32VF103VBT6芯片为核心MCU,包括主控制器、通信、传感器、灌溉量计算和安全作业等功能模块。通过量化不同类型土壤水分运移动态的差异,依据土壤中沙粒、黏粒等组分比例,构建了适用于不同土壤质地的灌溉量估算模型。系统结合土壤墒情传感器获取的田间实时墒情数据,计算各轮灌区域最佳灌溉量,并根据灌溉量控制各灌区电磁阀开启时间,实现自动灌溉。该系统具有测墒灌溉、远程控制、水肥一体化灌溉、自动化轮灌等功能。研究结果表明:与传统农户经验灌溉方式相比,该系统能够显著降低作物灌溉量17.3%,但对籽粒产量的影响较小,仅降低了0.16%;与土壤水分动态平衡模型相比,该系统灌溉量降低了9.2%,产量提高了0.19%。此系统的研究和应用在保证作物产量稳定的前提下,能有效降低农田灌溉量,对发展智慧节水农业有重要意义。In order to improve the water utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation and clarify the impact of different soil qualities on irrigation quantity,constructed a model based irrigation control system using RISC-V architecture chip.The system used GD32VF103VBT6 chip as the core MCU,including main controller,communication,sensors,irrigation calculation,safety operation and other functional modules.By quantifying the differences in water transport dynamics of different types of soil and based on the proportion of sand,clay and other components in the soil,an irrigation quantity estimation model suitable for different soil textures was constructed.The system combined real-time soil moisture data obtained from soil moisture sensors to calculate the optimal irrigation amount for each round of irrigation,and controlled the opening time of electromagnetic valves in each irrigation area based on the irrigation amount to achieve automatic irrigation.This system had functions such as moisture measurement irrigation,remote control,integrated irrigation of water and fertilizer,and automatic rotation irrigation.The results showed that compared with traditional farmer experience irrigation methods,this system can significantly reduce crop irrigation by 17.3%,but had a small impact on grain yield,only reducing by 0.16%;Compared with the soil moisture dynamic balance model,the irrigation amount of this system decreased by 9.2%and the yield increased by 0.19%.In summary,the research and application of this system can effectively reduce farmland irrigation while ensuring stable crop yield,which is of great significance for the development of smart water-saving agriculture.

关 键 词：灌溉控制系统 RISC-V 土壤质地 节水灌溉 灌溉量模型 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]